Alabama State Constitution

Statewide Provisions

PREAMBLE

We, the people of the State of Alabama, in order to establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, invoking the favor and guidance of Almighty God, do ordain and establish the following Constitution and form of government for the State of Alabama:.

Article I: Declaration of Rights

That the great, general, and essential principles of liberty and free government may be recognized and established, we declare:

Section 1: Equality and rights of men

That all men are equally free and independent; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

Section 2: People source of power

That all political power is inherent in the people, and all free governments are founded on their authority, and instituted for their benefit; and that, therefore, they have at all times an inalienable and indefeasible right to change their form of government in such manner as they may deem expedient.

Section 3: Religious freedom

That no religion shall be established by law; that no preference shall be given by law to any religious sect, society, denomination, or mode of worship; that no one shall be compelled by law to attend any place of worship; nor to pay any tithes, taxes, or other rate for building or repairing any place of worship, or for maintaining any minister or ministry; that no religious test shall be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under this state; and that the civil rights, privileges, and capacities of any citizen shall not be in any manner affected by his religious principles.

Section 3.01: Alabama Religious Freedom Amendment

SECTION I. The amendment shall be known as and may be cited as the Alabama Religious Freedom Amendment.

SECTION II. The Legislature makes the following findings concerning religious freedom:

(1) The framers of the United States Constitution, recognizing free exercise of religion as an unalienable right, secured its protection in the First Amendment to the Constitution, and the framers of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, also recognizing this right, secured the protection of religious freedom in Article I, Section 3 .

(2) Federal and state laws "neutral" toward religion may burden religious exercise as surely as laws intended to interfere with religious exercise.

(3) Governments should not burden religious exercise without compelling justification.

(4) In Employment Division v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990), the United States Supreme Court virtually eliminated the requirement that the government justify burdens on religious exercise imposed by laws neutral toward religion.

(5) The compelling interest test as set forth in prior court rulings is a workable test for striking sensible balances between religious liberty and competing governmental interests in areas ranging from public education (pedagogical interests and religious rights, including recognizing regulations necessary to alleviate interference with the educational process versus rights of religious freedom) to national defense (conscription and conscientious objection, including the need to raise an army versus rights to object to individual participation), and other areas of important mutual concern.

(6) Congress passed the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, 42 U.S.C., § 2000bb , to establish the compelling interest test set forth in prior federal court rulings, but in City of Boerne v. Flores, 117 S.Ct. 2157 (1997), the United States Supreme Court held the act unconstitutional stating that the right to regulate was retained by the states.

SECTION III. The purpose of the Alabama Religious Freedom Amendment is to guarantee that the freedom of religion is not burdened by state and local law; and to provide a claim or defense to persons whose religious freedom is burdened by government.

SECTION IV. As used in this amendment, the following words shall have the following meanings:

(1) Demonstrates. Meets the burdens of going forward with the evidence and of persuasion.

(2) Freedom of religion. The free exercise of religion under Article I, Section 3 , of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901.

(3) Government. Any branch, department, agency, instrumentality, and official (or other person acting under the color of law) of the State of Alabama, any political subdivision of a state, municipality, or other local government.

(4) Rule. Any government statute, regulation, ordinance, administrative provision, ruling guideline, requirement, or any statement of law whatever.

SECTION V.

(a) Government shall not burden a person's freedom of religion even if the burden results from a rule of general applicability, except as provided in subsection (b).

(b) Government may burden a person's freedom of religion only if it demonstrates that application of the burden to the person:

(1) Is in furtherance of a compelling governmental interest; and

(2) Is the least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental interest.

(c) A person whose religious freedom has been burdened in violation of this section may assert that violation as a claim or defense in a judicial, administrative, or other proceeding and obtain appropriate relief against a government.

SECTION VI.

(a) This amendment applies to all government rules and implementations thereof, whether statutory or otherwise, and whether adopted before or after the effective date of this amendment.

(b) Nothing in this amendment shall be construed to authorize any government to burden any religious belief.

(c) Nothing in this amendment shall be construed to affect, interpret, or in any way address those portions of the First Amendment of the United States Constitution permitting the free exercise of religion or prohibiting laws respecting the establishment of religion, or those provisions of Article I, Section 3 , of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, regarding the establishment of religion.

SECTION VII.

(a) This amendment shall be liberally construed to effectuate its remedial and deterrent purposes.

(b) If any provision of this amendment or its application to any particular person or circumstance is held invalid, that provision or its application is severable and does not affect the validity of other provisions or applications of this amendment.

Section 3.02: Religious rights and liberties

Every person shall be at liberty to worship God according to the dictates of his or her own conscience. No person shall be compelled to attend, or, against his or her consent, to contribute to the erection or support of any place of religious worship, or to pay tithes, taxes, or other rates for the support of any minister of the gospel. Property belonging to the state may be used to display the Ten Commandments, and the right of a public school and public body to display the Ten Commandments on property owned or administrated by a public school or public body in this state is not restrained or abridged. The civil and political rights, privileges, and capacities of no person shall be diminished or enlarged on account of his or her religious belief. No public funds may be expended in defense of the constitutionality of this amendment.

The Ten Commandments shall be displayed in a manner that complies with constitutional requirements, including, but not limited to, being intermingled with historical or educational items, or both, in a larger display within or on property owned or administrated by a public school or public body.

Section 4: Freedom of speech and press

That no law shall ever be passed to curtail or restrain the liberty of speech or of the press; and any person may speak, write, and publish his sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that liberty.

Section 5: Unreasonable search and seizure; search warrants

That the people shall be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and possessions from unreasonable seizure or searches, and that no warrants shall issue to search any place or to seize any person or thing without probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation.

Section 6: Rights of persons in criminal prosecutions generally; selfincrimination; due process of law; right to speedy, public trial; change of venue

That in all criminal prosecutions, the accused has a right to be heard by himself and counsel, or either; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation; and to have a copy thereof; to be confronted by the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; to testify in all cases, in his own behalf, if he elects so to do; and, in all prosecutions by indictment, a speedy, public trial, by an impartial jury of the county or district in which the offense was committed; and he shall not be compelled to give evidence against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, except by due process of law; but the legislature may, by a general law, provide for a change of venue at the instance of the defendant in all prosecutions by indictment, and such change of venue, on application of the defendant, may be heard and determined without the personal presence of the defendant so applying therefor; provided, that at the time of the application for the change of venue, the defendant is imprisoned in jail or some legal place of confinement.

Section 6.01: Basic rights for crime victims

(a) Crime victims, as defined by law or their lawful representatives, including the next of kin of homicide victims, are entitled to the right to be informed, to be present, and to be heard when authorized, at all crucial stages of criminal proceedings, to the extent that these rights do not interfere with the constitutional rights of the person accused of committing the crime.

(b) Nothing in this amendment or in any enabling statute adopted pursuant to this amendment shall be construed as creating a cause of action against the state or any of its agencies, officials, employees, or political subdivisions. The Legislature may from time to time enact enabling legislation to carry out and implement this amendment.

Section 7: Accusation, arrest and detention; punishment limited to laws established prior to offense

That no person shall be accused or arrested, or detained, except in cases ascertained by law, and according to the form which the same has prescribed; and no person shall be punished but by virtue of a law established and promulgated prior to the offense and legally applied.

Section 8: Proceeding against person by information; grand jury not required in misdemeanor cases

No person shall for any indictable offense be proceeded against criminally by information, except in cases arising in the militia and volunteer forces when in actual service, or when assembled under arms as a military organization, or, by leave of the court, for misfeasance, misdemeanor, extortion, and oppression in office, otherwise than is provided in the Constitution. In cases of misdemeanor, the Legislature may by law dispense with a grand jury and authorize prosecutions and proceedings before any inferior courts as may be by law established. In all felony cases, except those punishable by capital punishment, the Legislature may by law dispense with a grand jury and authorize prosecutions and proceedings in any manner as may be provided by law if the defendant, after having had the advice of counsel of his or her choice or in the event he or she is unable to employ counsel, the advice of counsel which shall be appointed by the court, makes known in open court to a judge of a court having jurisdiction of the offense that he or she desires to plead guilty.

Section 9: Double jeopardy; discharge of juries from cases

That no person shall, for the same offense, be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; but courts may, for reasons fixed by law, discharge juries from the consideration of any case, and no person shall gain an advantage by reason of such discharge of the jury.

Section 10: Right to prosecute civil cause

That no person shall be barred from prosecuting or defending before any tribunal in this state, by himself or counsel, any civil cause to which he is a party.

Section 11: Right to trial by jury

That the right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate.

Section 12: Prosecutions for libel or for publication of papers investigating official conduct of public officers

That in all prosecutions for libel or for the publication of papers investigating the official conduct of officers or men in public capacity, or when the matter published is proper for public information, the truth thereof may be given in evidence; and that in all indictments for libel, the jury shall have the right to determine the law and the facts under the direction of the court.

Section 13: Courts to be open; remedies for all injuries; impartiality of justice

That all courts shall be open; and that every person, for any injury done him, in his lands, goods, person, or reputation, shall have a remedy by due process of law; and right and justice shall be administered without sale, denial, or delay.

Section 13.50: Application of foreign law

(a) This amendment shall be known and may be cited as the American and Alabama Laws for Alabama Courts Amendment.

(b) The law of Alabama provides:

(1) The State of Alabama has developed its unique public policy of laws based on the United States Constitution, as protected by Amendment 10 to the United States Constitution.

(2) Upon becoming a state in 1819, Alabama adopted its first constitutional and statutory enactments, upon which it has built the rights, privileges, obligations, and requirements of its government and citizens.

(3) Both the provisions of the Alabama Constitution and the statutes and regulations of the State of Alabama, with interpreting opinions by its courts of competent jurisdiction, have developed the state's public policy.

(4) The public policy of the State of Alabama protects the unique rights of its citizens beginning with Article I, Section 1 of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, guaranteeing the equality and rights of men. Except as permitted by due process of law and the right of the people to vote for selfdetermination, the rights, privileges, and immunities of the citizens of the State of Alabama are inviolate.

(5) Different from the law of the State of Alabama is foreign law, which is any law, rule, or legal code, or system established, used, or applied in a jurisdiction outside of the states or territories of the United States, or which exist as a separate body of law, legal code, or system adopted or used anywhere by any people, group, or culture different from the Constitution and laws of the United States or the State of Alabama.

(6) Alabama has a favorable business climate and has attracted many international businesses. While Alabama business persons and companies may decide to use foreign law in foreign courts, the public policy of Alabama is to prohibit anyone from requiring Alabama courts to apply and enforce foreign laws.

(7) The public policy of this state is to protect its citizens from the application of foreign laws when the application of a foreign law will result in the violation of a right guaranteed by the Alabama Constitution or of the United States Constitution, including, but not limited to, due process, freedom of religion, speech, assembly, or press, or any right of privacy or marriage.

(8) Article IV, Section 1 , of the United States Constitution provides that full faith and credit shall be given by each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states. Provided, however, when any such public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of another state violate the public policy of the State of Alabama, the State of Alabama is not and shall not be required to give full faith and credit thereto.

(c) A court, arbitrator, administrative agency, or other adjudicative, arbitrative, or enforcement authority shall not apply or enforce a foreign law if doing so would violate any state law or a right guaranteed by the Constitution of this state or of the United States.

(d) If any contractual provision or agreement provides for the choice of a foreign law to govern its interpretation or the resolution of any dispute between the parties, and if the enforcement or interpretation of the contractual provision or agreement would result in a violation of a right guaranteed by the Constitution of this state or of the United States, the agreement or contractual provision shall be modified or amended to the extent necessary to preserve the constitutional rights of the parties.

(e) If any contractual provision or agreement provides for the choice of venue or forum outside of the states or territories of the United States, and if the enforcement or interpretation of the contract or agreement applying that choice of venue or forum provision would result in a violation of any right guaranteed by the Constitution of this state or of the United States, that contractual provision or agreement shall be interpreted or construed to preserve the constitutional rights of the person against whom enforcement is sought. If a natural person subject to personal jurisdiction in this state seeks to maintain litigation, arbitration, an administrative proceeding, or a similarly binding proceeding in this state, and if a court of this state finds that granting a claim of forum non conveniens or a related claim violates or would likely lead to the violation of the constitutional rights of the nonclaimant in the foreign forum with respect to the matter in dispute, the claim shall be denied.

(f) Any contractual provision or agreement incapable of being modified or amended in order to preserve the constitutional rights of the parties pursuant to the provisions of this amendment shall be null and void.

(g) Nothing in this amendment shall be interpreted to limit the right of a natural person or entity of this state to voluntarily restrict or limit his, her, or its own constitutional rights by contract or specific waiver consistent with constitutional principles. However, the language of any such contract or other waiver shall be strictly construed in favor of preserving the constitutional rights of the natural person in this state. Further, no Alabama court shall be required by any contract or other obligation entered into by a person or entity to apply or enforce any foreign law.

(h) Except as limited by subsection (g), without prejudice to any legal right, this amendment shall not apply to a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, business association, or other legal entity that contracts to subject itself to foreign law in a jurisdiction other than this state or the United States.

(i) Where the public acts, records, or judicial proceedings of another state violate the public policy of the State of Alabama, the State of Alabama shall not give full faith and credit thereto.

Section 14: State not to be made defendant

That the State of Alabama shall never be made a defendant in any court of law or equity.

Section 15: Excessive fines; cruel or unusual punishment

That excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishment inflicted.

Section 16: Right to bail; excessive bail

That all persons shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless charged with capital murder, as provided in Section 13A-5-40, Code of Alabama 1975, as amended; murder, as provided in Section 13A-6-2, Code of Alabama 1975, as amended; kidnapping in the first degree, as provided in Section 13A-6-43, Code of Alabama 1975, as amended; rape in the first degree, as provided in Section 13A-6-61, Code of Alabama 1975, as amended; sodomy in the first degree, as provided in Section 13A-6-63, Code of Alabama 1975, as amended; sexual torture, as provided in Section 13A-6-65.1, Code of Alabama 1975, as amended; domestic violence in the first degree, as provided in Section 13A-6-130, Code of Alabama 1975, as amended; human trafficking in the first degree, as provided in Section 13A-6-152, Code of Alabama 1975, as amended; burglary in the first degree, as provided in Section 13A-7-5, Code of Alabama 1975, as amended; arson in the first degree, as provided in Section 13A-7-41, Code of Alabama 1975, as amended; robbery in the first degree, as provided in Section 13A-8-41, Code of Alabama 1975, as amended; terrorism, as provided in subdivision (b) (2) of Section 13A-10-152, Code of Alabama 1975, as amended; and aggravated child abuse, as provided in subsection (b) of Section 26-15-3.1, Code of Alabama 1975, as amended; and that excessive bail shall not in any case be required.

Section 17: Suspension of habeas corpus

That the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended by the authorities of this state.

Section 18: Treason against the state

That treason against the state shall consist only in levying war against it, or adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort; and that no person shall be convicted of treason, except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or his own confession in open court.

Section 19: Bills of attainder of treason by legislature prohibited; conviction not to work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate

That no person shall be attainted of treason by the legislature; and no conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate.

Section 20: Imprisonment for debts

That no person shall be imprisoned for debt.

Section 21: Suspension of laws

That no power of suspending laws shall be exercised except by the legislature.

Section 22: Ex post facto laws; impairment of obligations of contracts; irrevocable or exclusive grants of special privileges or immunities

That no ex post facto law, nor any law, impairing the obligations of contracts, or making any irrevocable or exclusive grants of special privileges or immunities, shall be passed by the legislature; and every grant or franchise, privilege, or immunity shall forever remain subject to revocation, alteration, or amendment.

Section 23: Eminent domain

That the exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged nor so construed as to prevent the legislature from taking the property and franchises of incorporated companies, and subjecting them to public use in the same manner in which the property and franchises of individuals are taken and subjected; but private property shall not be taken for, or applied to public use, unless just compensation be first made therefor; nor shall private property be taken for private use, or for the use of corporations, other than municipal, without the consent of the owner; provided, however, the legislature may by law secure to persons or corporations the right of way over the lands of other persons or corporations, and by general laws provide for and regulate the exercise by persons and corporations of the rights herein reserved; but just compensation shall, in all cases, be first made to the owner; and, provided, that the right of eminent domain shall not be so construed as to allow taxation or forced subscription for the benefit of railroads or any other kind of corporations, other than municipal, or for the benefit of any individual or association.

Section 24: Navigable waters declared free public highways; taxes, tolls, etc., for use of shores or wharves

That all navigable waters shall remain forever public highways, free to the citizens of the state and the United States, without tax, impost, or toll; and that no tax, toll, impost, or wharfage shall be demanded or received from the owner of any merchandise or commodity for the use of the shores or any wharf erected on the shores, or in or over the waters of any navigable streams, unless the same be expressly authorized by law.

Section 25: Right to peaceably assemble and petition for redress of grievances, etc

That the citizens have a right, in a peaceable manner, to assemble together for the common good, and to apply to those invested with the power of government for redress of grievances or other purposes, by petition, address, or remonstrance.

Section 26: Right to bear arms

(a) Every citizen has a fundamental right to bear arms in defense of himself or herself and the state. Any restriction on this right shall be subject to strict scrutiny.

(b) No citizen shall be compelled by any international treaty or international law to take an action that prohibits, limits, or otherwise interferes with his or her fundamental right to keep and bear arms in defense of himself or herself and the state, if such treaty or law, or its adoption, violates the United States Constitution.

Section 27: Standing army; military subordinate to civil power

That no standing army shall be kept up without the consent of the legislature, and, in that case, no appropriation for its support shall be made for a longer term than one year; and the military shall, in all cases, and at all times, be in strict subordination to the civil power.

Section 28: Quartering of soldiers in houses

That no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor, in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Section 29: Titles of nobility, hereditary distinction, etc.; restriction on appointments to office

That no title of nobility or hereditary distinction, privilege, honor, or emolument shall ever be granted or conferred in this state; and that no office shall be created, the appointment to which shall be for a longer time than during good behavior.

Section 30: Immigration, emigration and exile

That immigration shall be encouraged; emigration shall not be prohibited, and no citizen shall be exiled.

Section 31: Residence not forfeited by temporary absence from state

That temporary absence from the state shall not cause a forfeiture of residence once obtained.

Section 32: Slavery prohibited; involuntary servitude

That no form of slavery shall exist in this state; and there shall not be any involuntary servitude.

Section 33: Protection of suffrage

The privilege of suffrage shall be protected by laws regulating elections, and prohibiting, under adequate penalties, all undue influences from power, bribery, tumult, or other improper conduct.

Section 34: Property rights of aliens

Foreigners who are, or may hereafter become, bona fide residents of this state, shall enjoy the same rights in respect to the possession, enjoyment, and inheritance of property, as native born citizens.

Section 35: Objective of government

That the sole object and only legitimate end of government is to protect the citizen in the enjoyment of life, liberty, and property, and when the government assumes other functions it is usurpation and oppression.

Section 36: Construction of Declaration of Rights

That this enumeration of certain rights shall not impair or deny others retained by the people; and, to guard against any encroachments on the rights herein retained, we declare that everything in this Declaration of Rights is excepted out of the general powers of government, and shall forever remain inviolate.

Section 36.01: English as official language of state

English is the official language of the state of Alabama. The legislature shall enforce this amendment by appropriate legislation. The legislature and officials of the state of Alabama shall take all steps necessary to insure that the role of English as the common language of the state of Alabama is preserved and enhanced. The legislature shall make no law which diminishes or ignores the role of English as the common language of the state of Alabama.

Any person who is a resident of or doing business in the state of Alabama shall have standing to sue the state of Alabama to enforce this amendment, and the courts of record of the state of Alabama shall have jurisdiction to hear cases brought to enforce this provision. The legislature may provide reasonable and appropriate limitations on the time and manner of suits brought under this amendment.

Section 36.02: Sportsperson's Bill of Rights

(a) The people have a right to hunt, fish, and harvest wildlife, including by the use of traditional methods, subject to reasonable regulations, to promote wildlife conservation and management, and to preserve the future of hunting and fishing. Hunting by the public and fishing by the public shall be the preferred means of managing and controlling wildlife. This amendment shall not be construed to modify any provision of law relating to eminent domain, trespass, or property rights.

(b) This amendment shall be known as the "Sportsperson's Bill of Rights."

Section 36.03: Sanctity of marriage

(a) This amendment shall be known and may be cited as the Sanctity of Marriage Amendment.

(b) Marriage is inherently a unique relationship between a man and a woman. As a matter of public policy, this state has a special interest in encouraging, supporting, and protecting this unique relationship in order to promote, among other goals, the stability and welfare of society and its children. A marriage contracted between individuals of the same sex is invalid in this state.

(c) Marriage is a sacred covenant, solemnized between a man and a woman, which, when the legal capacity and consent of both parties is present, establishes their relationship as husband and wife, and which is recognized by the state as a civil contract.

(d) No marriage license shall be issued in the State of Alabama to parties of the same sex.

(e) The State of Alabama shall not recognize as valid any marriage of parties of the same sex that occurred or was alleged to have occurred as a result of the law of any jurisdiction regardless of whether a marriage license was issued.

(f) The State of Alabama shall not recognize as valid any common law marriage of parties of the same sex.

(g) A union replicating marriage of or between persons of the same sex in the State of Alabama or in any other jurisdiction shall be considered and treated in all respects as having no legal force or effect in this state and shall not be recognized by this state as a marriage or other union replicating marriage.

Section 36.04: Mandatory participation in health care system prohibited

(a) In order to preserve the freedom of all residents of Alabama to provide for their own health care, a law or rule shall not compel, directly or indirectly, any person, employer, or health care provider to participate in any health care system.

(b) A person or employer may pay directly for health care services and shall not be required to pay penalties or fines for paying directly for lawful health care services. A health care provider may accept direct payment for lawful health care services and shall not be required to pay penalties or fines for accepting direct payment from a person or employer for lawful health care services.

Section 36.05: Right to work

(a) It is hereby declared to be the public policy of Alabama that the right of persons to work may not be denied or abridged on account of membership or nonmembership in a labor union or labor organization.

(b) An agreement or combination between an employer and labor union or labor organization which provides that a person who is not a member of the union or organization shall be denied the right to work for the employer, or where membership in the union or organization is made a condition of employment or continuation of employment by the employer, or where the union or organization acquires an employment monopoly in any enterprise, is hereby declared to be against public policy and an illegal combination or conspiracy.

(c) No person shall be required by an employer to become or remain a member of any labor union or labor organization as a condition of employment or continuation of employment.

(d) A person may not be required by an employer to abstain or refrain from membership in any labor union or labor organization as a condition of employment or continuation of his or her employment.

(e) An employer may not require a person, as a condition of employment or continuation of employment, to pay dues, fees, or other charges of any kind to any labor union or labor organization.

(f) This amendment shall not apply to any lawful contract in force on or prior to the date of the ratification of this amendment but it shall apply in all respects to contracts entered into after the date of the ratification of this amendment, and to any renewal or extension of an existing contract.

Section 36.06: Sanctity of unborn life

(a) This state acknowledges, declares, and affirms that it is the public policy of this state to recognize and support the sanctity of unborn life and the rights of unborn children, including the right to life.

(b) This state further acknowledges, declares, and affirms that it is the public policy of this state to ensure the protection of the rights of the unborn child in all manners and measures lawful and appropriate.

Article II: State and County Boundaries

Section 37: State boundaries defined

The boundaries of this state are established and declared to be as follows, that is to say: Beginning at the point where the thirty-first degree of north latitude crosses the Perdido river; thence east, to the western boundary line of the State of Georgia; thence along said line to the southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee; thence west, along the southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee, crossing the Tennessee river, and on to the second intersection of said river by said line; thence up said river to the mouth of Big Bear creek; thence by a direct line to the northwest corner of Washington county, in this state, as originally formed; thence southwardly, along the line of the State of Mississippi, to the Gulf of Mexico; thence eastwardly, including all islands within six leagues of the shore, to the Perdido river; thence up the said river to the beginning; provided, that the limits and jurisdiction of this state shall extend to and include any other land and territory hereafter acquired, by contract or agreement with other states or otherwise, although such land and territory are not included within the boundaries hereinbefore designated.

Section 38: County boundaries ratified and confirmed

The boundaries of the several counties of this state, as they now exist, are hereby ratified and confirmed.

Section 39: Arrangement and designation of county boundaries; new counties

The legislature may, by a vote of two-thirds of each house thereof, arrange and designate boundaries for the several counties of this state, which boundaries shall not be altered, except by a like vote; but no new county shall be formed hereafter of less extent than six hundred square miles, and no existing county shall be reduced to less than six hundred square miles; and no new county shall be formed unless it shall contain a sufficient number of inhabitants to entitle it to one representative under the ratio of representation existing at the time of its formation, and leave the county or counties from which it is taken with the required number of inhabitants to entitle such county or counties, each, to separate representation; provided, that out of the counties of Henry, Dale, and Geneva a new county of less than six hundred square miles may be formed under the provisions of this article, so as to leave said counties of Henry, Dale, and Geneva with not less than five hundred square miles each.

Section 40: Minimum distance of county boundaries from courthouse

No county line shall be altered or changed, or in the event of the creation of new counties shall be established, so as to run within seven miles of the county courthouse of any old county.

Section 41: Removal of courthouse or county site

No courthouse or county site shall be removed except by a majority vote of the qualified electors of said county, voting at an election held for such purpose, and when an election has once been held no other election shall be held for such purpose until the expiration of four years; provided, that the county site of Shelby county shall remain at Columbiana, unless removed by a vote of the people, as provided for in an act entitled, "An act to provide for the permanent location of the county site of Shelby county, Alabama, by a vote of the qualified electors of said county," approved the 9th day of February, 1899, and the act amendatory thereof, approved the 20th day of February, 1899, or by an election held under the provisions of this article.

Section 41.01: Establishing or abolishing branch courthouse or division or branch of court of record

After the ratification of this amendment, the legislature shall not establish any branch courthouse or any division or branch of any court of record to be held at any place other than the county seat, nor shall the legislature abolish any branch courthouse now existing or abolish any division or branch of any court of record now existing, unless such proposal be first submitted to a vote of the qualified electors of the county or counties to be affected and is approved by a majority of those voting upon such proposit

Article III: Distribution of Powers of Government

Section 42: Legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government; separation of powers

(a) The powers of the government of the State of Alabama are legislative, executive, and judicial.

(b) The government of the State of Alabama shall be divided into three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

(c) To the end that the government of the State of Alabama may be a government of laws and not of individuals, and except as expressly directed or permitted in this constitution, the legislative branch may not exercise the executive or judicial power, the executive branch may not exercise the legislative or judicial power, and the judicial branch may not exercise the legislative or executive power.

Section 43: Approval of Legislature for court orders requiring disbursement of state funds

No order of a state court which requires disbursement of state funds shall be binding on the state or any state official until the order has been approved by a simple majority of both houses of the Legislature. This section shall not apply to orders, judgments, or decrees requiring payment of compensation for the taking of property by eminent domain or arising out of challenges to taxation or to such other orders, judgments, or decrees as may be otherwise required by statute, or settled principles of Alabama common law as decided by the Alabama appellate courts, not inconsistent with other provisions of this Constitution. Nothing herein shall be construed to preclude a court from making findings of fact or conclusions of law and orders relating thereto, that standards required by the United States Constitution, the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, laws of this state or of the United States, or rules or regulations promulgated pursuant thereto, are not being met, and from ordering the responsible entity or entities to comply with such standards.

Section 43.01: Reserved

Section 43.02: Administration of county affairs

(a) Except where otherwise provided for or specifically prohibited by the constitution or by general or local law and subject to the limitations set forth herein, the county commission of each county in this state may exercise those powers necessary to provide for the administration of the affairs of the county through the programs, policies, and procedures described in subsection (b), subject to the limitations set forth in subsection (c).

(b) Subject to the limitations of subsections (a) and (c), each county commission in the state may establish:

(1) Programs, policies, and procedures relating to county personnel, including: Establishment of a county personnel system; the provision of employee benefits; allowing a deputy to be given his or her badge and pistol upon retirement; creating employee incentive programs related to matters such as attendance, performance, and safety; creating incentive programs related to the retirement of county employees; and creating employee recognition and appreciation programs.

(2) Community programs to provide for litter-free roadways and public facilities and public property and subject to any limitations in general law, programs related to control of animals and animal nuisances, provided no programs shall:

a. result in the destruction of an animal unless required by the public health laws of the state; or

b. relate to or restrict the use of animals for hunting purposes or the use of animals being raised for sale or kept for breeding, food or fiber production purposes, or otherwise used in connection with farming, poultry and egg, dairy, livestock, and other agricultural or farming operations.

(3) Programs related to public transportation and programs to promote and encourage safety when using public roads and rights-of-way, provided the programs do not in any way conflict with general law.

(4) Programs related to county offices, including one-stop tag programs; commissaries for inmates at the county jail; disposal of unclaimed personal property in the custody of the county; management of the county highway department; automation of county activities; and establishment of unit or district systems for the maintenance of county roads and bridges. Programs involving the operation of the office of an elected county official may only be established pursuant to this subdivision with the written consent and cooperation of the elected official charged by law with the responsibility for the administration of the office.

(5) Emergency assistance programs, including programs related to ambulance service and programs to improve county emergency management services.

(c) Nothing in this amendment may be construed to provide a county commission any authority to levy or assess a tax or fee or to increase the rate of any tax or fee previously established, or to establish any program that would infringe on a citizen's rights with respect to the use of his or her private property or infringe on a right of a business entity with respect to its private property. Except as authorized in subdivision (4) of subsection (b), nothing in this amendment shall authorize the county commission to limit, alter, or otherwise impact the constitutional, statutory, or administrative duties, powers, or responsibilities of any other elected officials or to establish, increase, or decrease any compensation, term of office, or expense allowance for any elected officials of the county.

(d) Any programs, policies, or procedures proposed for adoption by the county commission pursuant to the authority granted under subsection (a) shall only be voted on at a regular meeting of the county commission. Prior to the adoption of the programs, policies, and procedures, the county commission shall provide notice of its intention to consider the matter by announcing at a regular county commission meeting that the matter will be on the agenda at the next regular meeting of the county commission and that any members of the public desiring to be heard on the matter will be granted that opportunity at the meeting where the matter will be considered. Notice of the meeting at which the matter will be considered by the county commission shall be given in compliance with the notice requirements for county commissions provided in the general law. Nothing herein shall authorize a county commission to supersede, amend, or repel an existing local law.

(e) The provisions of this amendment shall not apply to Jefferson County.

Section 43.03: Use of tax revenues collected within Major 21st Century Manufacturing Zones

Notwithstanding any other provision of the Constitution, public moneys, including ad valorem tax revenues, collected within a tax increment district located within a Major 21st Century Manufacturing Zone as defined by law, and proceeds of obligations issued by the municipality or county establishing the district for the purposes of redevelopment or revitalization of property located therein, may be expended for the acquisition of the property and the redevelopment, rehabilitation, or conservation thereof, and the moneys, property, and proceeds may be disposed of, whether to or for the benefit of private interests or otherwise, for such consideration as shall be determined in the discretion of the governing body of the county or municipality, as the case may be, that established the district and without regard to Sections 93 and 94 of this Constitution. Any obligations of a municipality or county issued for the purposes set forth above shall not be chargeable against the constitutional debt limit of the municipality or county. The exercise of any powers granted in the Major 21st Century Manufacturing Zone Act, Act 2013 - 51 , by any municipality or county, or the governing body thereof, shall not be subject to those limitations or restrictions that would otherwise have been applicable under Section 93 or Section 94 of this Constitution. The Major 21st Century Manufacturing Zone Act, Act 2013 - 51 , is hereby validated and confirmed.

Article IV: Legislative Department

Section 44: Composition of legislature

The legislative power of this state shall be vested in a legislature, which shall consist of a senate and a house of representatives.

Section 45: Style of laws; division of laws; laws restricted to one subject; amendment or revival of laws by title only

The style of the laws of this state shall be: "Be it enacted by the legislature of Alabama," which need not be repeated, but the act shall be divided into sections for convenience, according to substance, and the sections designated merely by figures. Each law shall contain but one subject, which shall be clearly expressed in its title, except general appropriation bills, general revenue bills, and bills adopting a code, digest, or revision of statutes; and no law shall be revived, amended, or the provisions thereof extended or conferred, by reference to its title only; but so much thereof as is revived, amended, extended, or conferred, shall be reenacted and published at length.

Section 46: Election and terms of office of senators and representatives; vacancies in office

(a) Senators and representatives shall be elected by the qualified electors on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November unless the Legislature shall change the time of holding elections and in every fourth year thereafter. The terms of office of the senators and representatives shall commence on the day after the general election at which they are elected, and expire on the day after the general election held in the fourth year after their election, except as otherwise provided in this Constitution. At the general election in the year nineteen hundred and two all the representatives, together with the senators for the even numbered districts and for the thirty- fifth district, shall be elected. The terms of those senators who represent the odd numbered districts under the law in force prior to the ratification of this Constitution, are hereby extended until the day after the general election in the year nineteen hundred and six; and until the expiration of his or her term as hereinbefore extended, each such senator shall represent the district established by this Constitution, bearing the number corresponding with that for which he or she was elected. In the year nineteen hundred and six, and in every fourth year thereafter, all the senators and representatives shall be elected.

(b) Except as provided in subsection (c), when a vacancy occurs in either house of the Legislature, the Governor shall issue a writ of election to fill the vacancy for the remainder of the term. However, if the Secretary of State determines that a legally qualified candidate for election to the vacancy is unopposed when the last date for filing certificates of nomination has passed, the election shall not be held. The Secretary of State shall issue a certificate of election to the candidate, the same as if an election had been held, and the certificate shall be accepted by the house in which the vacancy occurred as evidence of the unopposed candidate's right to fill the position created by the vacancy. In the event an election is held, all the costs and expenses incurred thereby shall be paid out of any funds in the State Treasury not otherwise appropriated.

(c) When a vacancy occurs in either house of the Legislature on or after October 1 of the third year of a quadrennium, the seat shall remain vacant until a successor is elected at the next succeeding general election.

Section 46.01: Continuity of Legislature in event of enemy attack

The legislature may provide for the continuity of the legislature of the state of Alabama and the representation therein of each of the political subdivisions of the state in the event of an attack by an enemy of the United States, by providing for the selection of emergency interim legislators who shall be designated for temporary succession to the powers and duties but not the office of a legislator in case of such emergency. Such emergency interim legislator may serve only when the legislator in whose stead he is authorized to serve has died or is unable temporarily for physical, mental or legal reasons to exercise the powers and discharge the duties of his office, and until such time as the elected legislator is able to resume the duties of his office, or in case of a vacancy in such office a successor has been elected in accordance with section 46 of this Constitution.

Section 47: Qualifications of senators and representatives

Senators shall be at least twenty-five years of age, and representatives twenty-one years of age at the time of their election. They shall have been citizens and residents of this state for three years and residents of their respective counties or districts for one year next before their election, if such county or district shall have been so long established; but if not, then of the county or district from which the same shall have been taken; and they shall reside in their respective counties or districts during their terms of office.

Section 48: Time and place of meetings of legislature; maximum length of sessions

The legislature shall meet quadrennially at the capitol in the senate chamber, and in the hall of the house of representatives, on the second Tuesday in January next succeeding their election, or on such other day as may be prescribed by law; and shall not remain in session longer than sixty days at the first session held under the Constitution, nor longer than fifty days at any subsequent session. If at any time it should from any cause become impossible or dangerous for the legislature to meet or remain at the capitol or for the senate to meet or remain in the senate chamber, or for the representatives to meet or remain in the hall of the house of representatives, the governor may convene the legislature, or remove it after it has convened, to some other place, or may designate some other place for the sitting of the respective houses, or either of them, as necessity may require.

Section 48.01: Time and place of meetings of Legislature; biennial sessions; organizational sessions; election of president pro tempore of Senate and speaker of House of Representatives; maximum length of sessions; compensation and travel allowances of members of Legislature

(a) All sessions of the legislature shall be held at the capitol in the senate chamber and in the hall of the house of representatives, unless at any time it should from any cause become impossible or dangerous for the legislature to meet or remain at the capitol, or for the senate to meet or remain in the senate chamber, or for the representatives to meet or remain in the hall of the house of representatives, in which case the governor may convene the legislature, or remove it after it has convened, to some other place, or may designate some other place for the sitting of the respective houses, or either of them, as necessity may require. The legislature shall convene on the second Tuesday in January next succeeding their election and shall remain in session for not longer than ten consecutive calendar days. No business can be transacted at such sessions except the organization of the legislature, the election of officers, the appointment of standing committees of the senate and the house of representatives for the ensuing four years, which election and appointment may, however, also be made at such other times as may be necessary, the opening and publication of the returns and the ascertainment and declaration of the results of the election for governor, lieutenant-governor, attorney-general, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and commissioner of agriculture and industries, the election of such officers in the event of a tie vote, the determination of contested elections for such offices, the judging of the election returns and qualification of the members of the legislature, and the inauguration of the governor and the other elected state officers whose terms of office are concurrent with that of the governor. At the beginning of each such organization session, and at such other times as may be necessary, the senate shall elect one of its members president pro tempore thereof, to preside over its deliberations in the absence of the lieutenant-governor, and the house of representatives shall elect one of its members as speaker, to preside over its deliberations. The president of the senate and the speaker of the house of representatives shall each hold his respective office until his successor has been elected and qualified. The provisions of this Constitution in conflict herewith are hereby modified to conform to the provisions of this amendment. The provisions of this amendment shall become effective at the beginning of the term of the members of the legislature elected at the general election in 1946.

(b) Beginning in the year 1976 regular sessions of the legislature shall be held annually on the first Tuesday in May, or on such other day as may be prescribed by law, and shall be limited to 30 legislative days and 105 calendar days. Special sessions of the legislature convened in the manner provided by this Constitution shall be limited to 12 legislative days and 30 calendar days.

Section 48.02: Alabama State House

In the event the legislature determines it to be necessary or desirable that the Capitol be repaired, renovated, restored, constructed or reconstructed, the legislature, by resolution, shall designate and provide a suitable place for the meeting of the legislature and the transacting of business of the legislative department. Such place shall be designated and known as the Alabama State House.

Section 49: Compensation and expenses of members of Legislature

Section 1.

(a) The Legislature recognizes that the public trust in the legislative body is of paramount importance. The Legislature further recognizes that government transparency and accountability are vital to the preservation of the public trust. To that end, it is the purpose of this amendment to remove the power of determining legislative compensation or expenses from the hands of the Legislature itself, to validate the basis upon which legislative compensation and expenses are established in an objective manner based on measurable standards, and to allow the citizens of Alabama to vote on this issue. It is the will of the Legislature to resolve the issue of legislative compensation and expenses once and for all by providing for compensation and expenses for members of the Legislature and the President of the Senate and by providing for compensation to be paid at the same rate as the median household income in Alabama and expenses in the same amounts and manner as expenses are allowed under law for state employees generally.

(b) All laws or parts of laws in conflict with this amendment are repealed, including, but not limited to: Those portions of Amendments 39 , 57 , and 339 of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, relating to the compensation and expenses of members of the Legislature; Act 87-209, Act 90-490, Act 91-95, Act 91-108, and Act 2007 - 75 ; and Section 29-1-8 , Code of Alabama 1975.

Section 2. The annual basic compensation for each member of the Legislature and the President of the Senate shall be the median annual household income in Alabama, as ascertained and adjusted each year by the State Personnel Board to take effect on the first day of January of each year.

Section 3.

(a) No member of the Legislature or the President of the Senate may receive reimbursement for any expenses except as provided in this section.

(b) Subject to approval by the President of the Senate or by the Speaker of the House for the respective members of their Houses, and except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), a member of the Legislature may be reimbursed for any of the following:

(1) Expenses incurred for travel on official business in the same amounts or at the same rates as for state employees traveling in the service of the state under state law, rules, and policies, provided that, for a member of the Legislature, the travel is to a place outside his or her district.

(2) Actual expenses other than travel expenses incurred in the performance of official duties.

(3) Expenses authorized pursuant to Act 1196 of the 1971 Regular Session for the presiding officer of each House.

(c) Reimbursement for expenses may only be made under subdivision (1) and (2) of subsection (b) after a determination of the presiding officer of the member's House that the travel or expense is in the service of the state and on submission of a signed voucher submitted in the same manner as a request for reimbursement of expenses by a state employee.

(d) Except for the expenses of transportation, no member of the Legislature who resides less than 50 miles from the seat of government may be reimbursed for any travel expenses for travel between his or her place of residence and the seat of government.

(e) In making the determination required by subsection (c), the presiding officer of either House may not determine a particular expense incurred by any member of the Legislature was not in the service of the state on any basis that discriminates between members of the Legislature.

(f) Reimbursement for expenses authorized pursuant to this section shall be paid in a timely manner that is consistent with expense reimbursement regulations jointly promulgated by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House pursuant to the Alabama Administrative Procedure Act. Such regulations shall, to the extent possible, mirror similar regulations applicable to state employees. The President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House may not discriminate between members of the Legislature regarding the timely reimbursement of authorized expenses.

(g) The State Personnel Board may promulgate such rules as it deems necessary to enforce its responsibilities under this amendment and, in conjunction with the Comptroller, shall provide an annual report on compensation and reimbursement of expenses to members of the Legislature.

Section 4.

(a) The compensation and reimbursement for expenses provided in Sections 2 and 3 shall constitute the total amounts payable to the presiding officers and members of the Legislature, beginning with the terms commencing immediately after the 2014 General Election.

(b) The Legislature may not increase, supplement, or otherwise enlarge the compensation or reimbursement for expenses payable to its members by this amendment.

Section 50: Number of senators and representatives; apportionment of legislators

The legislature shall consist of not more than thirty-five senators, and not more than one hundred and five members of the house of representatives, to be apportioned among the several districts and counties, as prescribed in this Constitution; provided that in addition to the above number of representatives, each new county hereafter created shall be entitled to one representative.

Section 51: Election of president pro tem of senate and speaker of house of representatives; temporary president and speaker; officers of each house; each house judge of election, returns and qualifications of members

The senate, at the beginning of each regular session, and at such other times as may be necessary, shall elect one of its members president pro tem. thereof, to preside over its deliberations in the absence of the lieutenant- governor; and the house of representatives, at the beginning of each regular session, and at such other times as may be necessary, shall elect one of its members as speaker; and the president of the senate and the speaker of the house of representatives shall hold their offices respectively, until their successors are elected and qualified. In case of the temporary disability of either of said presiding officers, the house to which he belongs may elect one of its members to preside over that house and to perform all the duties of such officer during the continuance of his disability; and such temporary officer, while performing duty as such, shall receive the same compensation to which the permanent officer is entitled by law, and no other. Each house shall choose its own officers and shall judge of the election, returns, and qualifications of its members.

Section 52: Quorum in each house

A majority of each house shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide.

Section 53: Rules of proceedings of both houses; punishment for contempt or disorderly behavior; enforcement of process; protection of members from violence, bribes, etc.; expulsion of members

Each house shall have power to determine the rules of its proceedings and to punish its members and other persons, for contempt or disorderly behavior in its presence; to enforce obedience to its processes; to protect its members against violence, or offers of bribes or corrupt solicitation; and with the concurrence of two-thirds of the house, to expel a member, but not a second time for the same offense; and the two houses shall have all the powers necessary for the legislature of a free state.

Section 54: Expulsion for corruption bar to further service in legislature; punishment for contempt or disorderly behavior not bar to indictment for same offense

A member of the legislature, expelled for corruption, shall not thereafter be eligible to either house, and punishment for contempt or disorderly behavior shall not bar an indictment for the same offense.

Section 55: Journal of proceedings of each house

Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings and cause the same to be published immediately after its adjournment, excepting such parts as, in its judgment, may require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house on any question shall, at the request of one-tenth of the members present, be entered on the journal. Any member of either house shall have liberty to dissent from or protest against any act or resolution which he may think injurious to the public, or to an individual, and have the reason for his dissent entered on the journal.

Section 56: Immunity of legislators

Members of the legislature shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, violation of their oath of office, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house shall not be questioned in any other place.

Section 57: Doors of each house to be open; exceptions; restrictions on admittance to floor

The doors of each house shall be opened except on such occasions as, in the opinion of the house, may require secrecy, but no person shall be admitted to the floor of either house while the same is in session, except members of the legislature, the officers and employes of the two houses, the governor and his secretary, representatives of the press, and other persons to whom either house, by unanimous vote, may extend the privileges of its floor.

Section 58: Adjournment or change of place of sitting by one house without consent of other house

Neither house shall, without consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which they may be sitting except as otherwise provided in this Constitution.

Section 59: Appointment of legislators to other offices during terms for which elected

No senator or representative shall, during the term for which he shall have been elected, be appointed to any office of profit under this state, which shall have been created, or the emoluments of which shall have been increased during such term, except such offices as may be filled by election by the people.

Section 60: Conviction of certain crimes bar to eligibility for legislature and to holding state office of trust or profit

No person convicted of embezzlement of the public money, bribery, perjury, or other infamous crime, shall be eligible to the legislature, or capable of holding any office of trust or profit in this state.

Section 61: Laws to be passed by bills; restrictions on amendments to bills

No law shall be passed except by bill, and no bill shall be so altered or amended on its passage through either house as to change its original purpose.

Section 62: Referral of bills to standing committees

No bill shall become a law until it shall have been referred to a standing committee of each house, acted upon by such committee in session, and returned therefrom, which facts shall affirmatively appear upon the journal of each house.

Section 63: Number of readings for bills; recordation of votes on bills; majority vote required for passage of bills

Every bill shall be read on three different days in each house, and no bill shall become a law, unless on its final passage it be read at length, and the vote be taken by yeas and nays, the names of the members voting for and against the same be entered upon the journals, and a majority of each house be recorded thereon as voting in its favor, except as otherwise provided in this Constitution.

Section 64: Procedure for amendment of bills; adoption of reports of committees of conference

No amendment to bills shall be adopted except by a majority of the house wherein the same is offered, nor unless the amendment with the names of those voting for and against the same shall be entered at length on the journal of the house in which the same is adopted, and no amendment to bills by one house shall be concurred in by the other, unless a vote be taken by yeas and nays, and the names of the members voting for and against the same be recorded at length on the journal; and no report of a committee of conference shall be adopted in either house, except upon a vote taken by yeas and nays, and entered on the journal, as herein provided for the adoption of amendments.

Section 65: Lotteries and gift enterprises prohibited

The legislature shall have no power to authorize lotteries or gift enterprises for any purposes, and shall pass laws to prohibit the sale in this state of lottery or gift enterprise tickets, or tickets in any scheme in the nature of a lottery; and all acts, or parts of acts heretofore passed by the legislature of this state, authorizing a lottery or lotteries, and all acts amendatory thereof, or supplemental thereto, are hereby avoided.

Section 66: Signature of bills by presiding officer of each house; reading of bills at length may be dispensed with

The presiding officer of each house shall, in the presence of the house over which he presides, sign all bills and joint resolutions passed by the legislature, after the same shall have been publicly read at length immediately before signing, and the fact of reading and signing shall be entered upon the journal; but the reading at length may be dispensed with by a two-thirds vote of a quorum present, which fact shall also be entered on the journal.

Section 67: Number, duties and compensation of officers and employees of each house

The legislature shall prescribe by law the number, duties, and compensation of the officers and employes of each house, and no payment shall be made from the state treasury or be in any way authorized to any person except to an acting officer or employe elected or appointed in pursuance of law.

Section 68: Extra compensation not to be granted public officer, employee, contractor, etc., after service rendered or contract made; increase or decrease of compensation of officers during term of office

The legislature shall have no power to grant or to authorize or require any county or municipal authority to grant, nor shall any county or municipal authority have power to grant any extra compensation, fee, or allowance to any public officer, servant, or employe, agent or contractor, after service shall have been rendered or contract made, nor to increase or decrease the fees and compensation of such officers during their terms of office; nor shall any officer of the state bind the state to the payment of any sum of money but by authority of law; provided this section shall not apply to allowances made by commissioners' courts or boards of revenue to county officers for ex officio services, nor prevent the legislature from increasing or diminishing at any time the allowance to sheriffs or other officers for feeding, transferring, or guarding prisoners.

Section 68.01: Increasing or decreasing salaries, etc., of state and county officers

Any provisions of this Constitution or amendments thereto to the contrary notwithstanding, neither the legislature, nor any county of the state shall, by the imposition of new, different, and additional duties or otherwise, increase, or authorize the increase of, the salary, fees or other compensation of any officer of the state or of any county of the state, who is elected or appointed for a fixed term, during the term for which he is elected or appointed, regardless of whether such officer may be removed at the pleasure of the authority electing or appointing him or only upon impeachment; nor shall the legislature or any county of the state in any manner or by any means decrease, or authorize the decrease of, the salary, fees or other compensation of any such officer, during the term for which he is elected or appointed; nor shall the legislature or any county of the state increase or decrease, or authorize the increase or decrease of, the salary, fees or other compensation of any person filling an unexpired term in any such office during the remainder of such term, either before or after the appointment or election of such person to fill the unexpired term. As to officers who are members of any court, board, commission, or similar body whose terms do not run concurrently, any increase or decrease in the salary, fees, or other compensation of the members of any such court, board, commission, or similar body shall become effective as to all such members thereof immediately after the expiration of the term or terms of office of the member or members whose term or terms first expire.

Section 69: Stationery, printing, fuel, etc., to be furnished by lowest responsible bidder; conflicts of interest

All stationery, printing, paper, and fuel used in the legislative and other departments of government shall be furnished and the printing, binding, and distribution of laws, journals, department reports, and all other printing, binding, and repairing and furnishing the halls and rooms used for the meeting of the legislature and its committees, shall be performed under contract, to be given to the lowest responsible bidder below a maximum price, and under such regulations as shall be prescribed by law; no member or officer of any department of the government shall be in any way interested in such contract, and all such contracts shall be subject to the approval of the governor, auditor, and treasurer.

Section 70: Revenue bills to originate in House of Representatives; preparation of general revenue bill; amendments to revenue bills by Senate; time limit for passage of revenue bills

All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the house of representatives. The governor, auditor, and attorney-general shall, before each regular session of the legislature, prepare a general revenue bill to be submitted to the legislature, for its information, and the secretary of state shall have printed for the use of the legislature a sufficient number of copies of the bill so prepared, which the governor shall transmit to the house of representatives as soon as organized, to be used or dealt with as that house may elect. The senate may propose amendments to revenue bills. No revenue bill shall be passed during the last five days of the session.

Section 71: Restrictions on general appropriation bill

The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing but appropriations for the ordinary expenses of the executive, legislative, and judicial departments of the state, for interest on the public debt, and for the public schools. The salary of no officer or employe shall be increased in such bill, nor shall any appropriation be made therein for any officer or employe unless his employment and the amount of his salary have already been provided for by law. All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills, each embracing but one subject.

Section 71.01: Paramount duty of Legislature to make basic appropriations at regular sessions

(A) The following words and phrases, whenever used in this amendment, shall have the following respective meanings:

"Basic Appropriations" means, with respect to any regular session of the legislature, such appropriations as the legislature may deem appropriate for the expenditures by the state during the ensuing budget period for the ordinary expenses of the executive, legislative and judicial departments of the state, for payment of the public debt, and for education (excluding, however, any item within the scope of the foregoing that is at the time provided for by a continuing appropriation or otherwise).

"Budget Period" means a fiscal year of the state or such period other than [a] fiscal year as may hereafter be fixed by law as the period with respect to which state budgets are prepared and state appropriations are made.

(B) On or before the second legislative day of each regular session of the legislature, beginning with the first regular session after January 1, 1983, the governor shall transmit to the legislature for its consideration a proposed budget for the then next ensuing budget period.

(C) The duty of the legislature at any regular session to make the basic appropriations for any budget period that will commence before the first day of any succeeding regular session shall be paramount; and, accordingly, beginning with the first regular session held after January 1, 1983, no bill (other than a bill making any of the basic appropriations) shall be signed by either the presiding officer of the house or senate and transmitted to the other house until bills making the basic appropriations for the then ensuing budget period shall have been signed by the presiding officer of each house of the legislature in accordance with Section 66 of this Constitution and presented to the governor in accordance with Section 125 of this Constitution; provided, that this paragraph (C) shall not affect the adoption of resolutions or the conduct of any other legislative functions that do not require a third reading; and provided further, that following adoption, by vote of either house of not less than three-fifths of a quorum present, of a resolution declaring that the provisions of this paragraph (C) shall not be applicable in that house to a particular bill, which shall be specified in said resolution by number and title, the bill so specified may proceed to final passage therein.

(D) Upon the signing and presentation to the governor in accordance with the said Sections 66 and 125 of bills making the basic appropriations, the provisions of the foregoing paragraph (C) prohibiting the final passage of bills in the house and senate (other than bills making any part of the basic appropriations) shall cease to be effective and shall not be revived or become again effective as a result of (i) the subsequent legislative history of any bill so signed and presented, including any veto, return with executive amendment, or any other action, or failure to act, by either the governor or the legislature under the provisions of the said Section 125 ; or (ii) a determination, by either judicial decree or opinion of the justices of the Alabama Supreme Court, that any bill so signed and presented is wholly or in part invalid.

(E) The legislature may, by statute or rule, make such further provisions for the timely passage of bills making the basic appropriations as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Constitution.

(F) Nothing contained herein shall be construed as requiring the legislature to make any appropriation not otherwise required by this Constitution to be made.

(G) Notwithstanding any provision of this amendment, any resolution authorizing the consideration of a bill proposing a local law adopted before November 8, 2016, that conformed to the rules of either body of the Legislature at the time it was adopted, is ratified, approved, validated, and confirmed and the application of any such resolution is effective from the date of original adoption.

Section 72: Payment of money out of state treasury; publication of annual statement of receipts and expenditures

No money shall be paid out of the treasury except upon appropriations made by law, and on warrant drawn by the proper officer in pursuance thereof; and a regular statement and account of receipts and expenditures of all public moneys shall be published annually, in such manner as may be by law directed.

Section 73: Appropriations to charitable or educational institutions not under absolute control of state

No appropriation shall be made to any charitable or educational institution not under the absolute control of the state, other than normal schools established by law for the professional training of teachers for the public schools of the state, except by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house.

Section 74: Restrictions on investment of trust funds by executors, trustees, etc., in private corporations

No act of the legislature shall authorize the investment of any trust fund by executors, administrators, guardians, or other trustees in the stock of any private corporation; any such acts now existing are avoided, saving investments heretofore made; provided, however, that, unless otherwise provided by the legislature, any of said mentioned trust funds may be invested in corporation or institutions, investments in which are guaranteed as to principal by the United States government or insured as to principal by any instrumentality or agency thereof, provided such investments shall not exceed the amount insured by any such instrumentality or agency.

Section 75: Change of venue in civil and criminal cases

The power to change the venue in civil and criminal causes is vested in the courts, to be exercised in such manner as shall be provided by law.

Section 76: Restrictions on legislation at special sessions

When the legislature shall be convened in special session, there shall be no legislation upon subjects other than those designated in the proclamation of the governor calling such session, except by a vote of two-thirds of each house. Special sessions shall be limited to thirty days.

Section 77: State office for inspection or measuring of merchandise, commodities, etc., prohibited

No state office shall be continued or created for the inspection or measuring of any merchandise, manufacture, or commodity, but any county or municipality may appoint such officers when authorized by law.

Section 78: Legislation to change seat of government of state

No act of the legislature changing the seat of government of the state shall become a law until the same shall have been submitted to the qualified electors of the state at a general election, and approved by a majority of such electors voting on the same; and such act shall specify the proposed new location.

Section 79: Bribery - Solicitation, acceptance, etc., of bribes by legislators

A member of the legislature who shall solicit, demand, or receive, or consent to receive, directly or indirectly, for himself or for another, from any company, corporation, association, or person, any money, office, appointment, employment, reward, thing of value, or enjoyment, or of personal advantage or promise thereof, for his vote or official influence, or for withholding the same; or with an understanding, expressed or implied, that his vote or official action shall be in any way influenced thereby; or who shall solicit or demand any such money or other advantage, matter, or thing aforesaid, for another as the consideration for his vote, or influence, or for withholding the same; or shall give or withhold his vote or influence in consideration of the payment or promise of such money, advantage, matter, or thing to another, shall be guilty of bribery within the meaning of this Constitution; and shall incur the disabilities and penalties provided thereby for such offense, and such additional punishment as is or shall be provided by law.

Section 80: Bribery - Offer, gift, etc., of money, etc., to executive or judicial officers or members of legislature to influence official acts

Any person who shall, directly or indirectly, offer, give, or promise any money, or thing of value, testimonial, privilege, or personal advantage, to any executive or judicial officer or member of the legislature to influence him in the performance of any of his public or official duties, shall be guilty of bribery, and be punished in such manner as may be provided by law.

Section 81: Offense of corrupt solicitation to be defined by law

The offense of corrupt solicitation of members of the legislature or of public officers of this state or of any municipal division thereof, and any occupation or practice of solicitation of such members or officers, to influence their official action, shall be defined by law, and shall be punished by fine and imprisonment in the penitentiary; and the legislature shall provide for the trial and punishment of the offenses enumerated in the two preceding sections, and shall require the judges to give the same specially in charge to the grand juries in all the counties of this state.

Section 82: Disclosure of personal or private interest in bills, etc., by legislators

A member of the legislature who has a personal or private interest in any measure or bill proposed or pending before the legislature, shall disclose the fact to the house of which he is a member, and shall not vote thereon.

Section 83: Voting in elections by legislature

In all elections by the legislature the members shall vote viva voce, and the votes shall be entered on the journal.

Section 84: Adoption of laws to provide for arbitration between parties

It shall be the duty of the legislature to pass such laws as may be necessary and proper to decide differences by arbitrators to be appointed by the parties who may choose that mode of adjustment.

Section 85: Periodic revision and promulgation of laws

It shall be the duty of the legislature, at its first session after the ratification of this Constitution, and within every subsequent period of twelve years, to make provision by law for revising, digesting, and promulgating the public statutes of this state, of a general nature, both civil and criminal.

Section 86: Suppression of dueling

The legislature shall pass such penal laws as it may deem expedient to suppress the evil practice of dueling.

Section 87: Deductions from salaries or compensation of public officers for neglect of duty

It shall be the duty of the legislature to regulate by law the cases in which deduction shall be made from the salaries or compensation of public officers for neglect of duty in their official capacities, and the amount of such deduction.

Section 88: Counties to provide for maintenance of the poor

It shall be the duty of the legislature to require the several counties of this state to make adequate provision for the maintenance of the poor.

Section 89: Municipalities not to pass laws in conflict with general laws of state

The legislature shall not have power to authorize any municipal corporation to pass any laws inconsistent with the general laws of this state.

Section 90: Acquisition of foreign territory; rights and privileges of inhabitants of acquired territory

In the event of the annexation of any foreign territory to this state, the legislature shall enact laws extending to the inhabitants of the acquired territory all the rights and privileges which may be required by the terms of acquisition not inconsistent with this Constitution. Should the state purchase such foreign territory, the legislature, with the approval of the governor, shall be authorized to expend any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, and, if necessary, to provide also for the issuance of state bonds, to pay for the purchase of such foreign territory.

Section 91: Exemption from taxation of state, county, municipal, cemetery and certain religious, educational and charitable property

The legislature shall not tax the property, real or personal, of the state, counties, or other municipal corporations, or cemeteries; nor lots in incorporated cities and towns, or within one mile of any city or town to the extent of one acre, nor lots one mile or more distant from such cities or towns to the extent of five acres, with the buildings thereon, when same are used exclusively for religious worship, for schools, or for purposes purely charitable.

Section 92: Rules and regulations to ascertain value of property exempted from sale under legal process

The legislature shall by law prescribe such rules and regulations as may be necessary to ascertain the value of real and personal property exempted from sale under legal process by this Constitution, and to secure the same to the claimant thereof as selected.

Section 93: State not to engage in internal improvements or lending money or credit for same; state interest in private or corporate enterprises; construction, maintenance, etc., of public roads, highways and bridges, harbors and sea- ports and public airports and air navigation facilities

The state shall not engage in works of internal improvement, nor lend money or its credit in aid as such, except as may be authorized by the Constitution of Alabama or amendments thereto; nor shall the state be interested in any private or corporate enterprise, or lend money or its credit to any individual, association, or corporation, except as may be expressly authorized by the Constitution of Alabama, or amendments thereto. When authorized by laws passed by the legislature the state may appropriate funds to be applied to the construction, repair, and maintenance of public roads, highways and bridges in the state. When authorized by appropriate laws passed by the legislature the state may at a cost not exceeding ten million dollars engage in the work of internal improvement, or promoting, developing, constructing, maintaining, and operating all harbors and seaports within the state or its jurisdiction, provided, that such work or improvement shall always be and remain under the management and control of the state, through its state harbor commission, or other governing agency. When authorized by laws passed by the legislature the state may engage in the construction, improvement, repairs and maintenance and operation of public airports, air landing fields and other air navigation facilities in the state of Alabama and may appropriate money or otherwise provide funds for this purpose. The adoption of this amendment shall not affect in any manner any other amendment to the Constitution of Alabama which may be adopted pursuant to any act or resolution of this session of legislature.

Section 93.01: Promotion of catfish industry

The legislature may hereafter, by general law, provide for the promotion of the production, distribution, improvement, marketing, use and sale of catfish. The legislature may provide for the promotion of catfish and catfish products by research, education, advertising and other methods, and the legislature is further authorized to provide means and methods for the financing of any such promotional activity by prescribing a procedure whereby producers of catfish by referendum among such producers levy upon themselves and collect assessments, fees, or charges upon the purchase of catfish feed for the financing of any such promotional program or activity in cooperation with buyers, processors, dealers, distributors of catfish feed and handlers of catfish. The legislature may make provisions for the nonpayment of assessments by catfish producers and shall make provisions for the refund of assessments to any purchaser of catfish feed who does not desire to participate in an assessment program.

The legislature shall provide for the collection, disbursement, distribution or expenditure of assessments or charges authorized hereunder and to provide penalties for failure to make collection and distribution of assessments. The legislature shall provide for the designation of a nonprofit association or organization for the promotion and betterment of catfish and catfish products to administer and carry out such promotional program which shall include the conducting of elections or referendums among producers of catfish. The legislature may provide the manner by which such referendum is held, including the procedure for application for approval to conduct the referendum, the appropriate action to be taken by the state board of agriculture and industries on such application, the requirements and eligibility of the association or organization which will conduct such referendum, the procedures for voting and eligibility to vote in such referendum, the details of the conduct of such referendum. The legislature shall further provide for the deposit, withdrawal, disbursement and expenditure by the designated association of any funds received subject to the supervision and control of the activities as authorized herein by the department of agriculture and industries and the state board of agriculture and industries. The legislature shall further provide a procedure whereby said association or organization is bonded, for the examination and auditing of said association or organization, and for reasonably necessary rules and regulations to be adopted by the state board of agriculture and industries to effectively carry out the intent and purposes herein enumerated. Assessments, fees or other charges collected as authorized by any legislative act adopted under authority hereof shall not be considered as a tax within the meaning of this constitution or any provision thereof. Any uniformity requirements of this constitution shall be satisfied by the application of the program upon catfish.

Section 93.02: Promotion of cattle industry

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution, the legislature may hereafter, by general law, provide for the promotion of the production, distribution, marketing, use, improvement and sale of cattle. The legislature may provide for the promotion of cattle and the cattle industry by research, education, advertising and other methods, and the legislature is further authorized to provide means and methods for the financing of any such promotional activity by prescribing a procedure whereby owners of cattle may by referendum held among the owners of cattle in this state levy upon themselves and collect assessments, fees, or charges upon the sale of cattle for the financing of any promotional program or activity in cooperation with processors, dealers and handlers of cattle. The legislature shall make provisions for the nonpayment of assessments by cattle owners, and for the refund of assessments to any cattle owner dissatisfied with the assessment program. The legislature shall provide for the collection and distribution of any such assessments or charges by dealers, handlers, processors and purchasers of cattle and provide penalties for failure to make collection and distribution of such assessments. The legislature shall provide for the designation of a nonprofit association or organization organized for the promotion and betterment of cattle and beef products to administer and carry out such promotional program which shall include the conducting of elections or referendums among cattle owners. The legislature shall further provide for the deposit, withdrawal, disbursement and expenditure by the designated association of any funds received subject to the supervision and control of the activities authorized herein by the department of agriculture and industries and the state board of agriculture and industries. Assessments, fees or other charges collected as authorized by any legislative act adopted in pursuance hereof shall not be considered as a tax within the meaning of this Constitution or any provision thereof. Any uniformity requirements of this Constitution shall be satisfied by the application of the program upon cattle and beef products.

Section 93.03: Eradication or control of the boll weevil in cotton

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution, the legislature may hereafter, by general law, provide for the eradication or control of the boll weevil in cotton. The legislature may provide for and is authorized to provide means and methods for the financing of this activity by prescribing a procedure whereby cotton growers may, by referendum held among such growers in this state, levy upon themselves and collect assessments, fees and charges, based upon the amount of acreage of cotton planted. The legislature is authorized to make provisions for non-payment of such assessments. The legislature shall provide for the collection and distribution of assessments or charges authorized hereunder and to provide penalties for failure to pay said assessments. The legislature shall provide for the designation of a non-profit organization which has been organized for the purpose of eradicating or controlling the boll weevil in cotton; to administer and carry out said eradication or control program; to also include conducting elections or referendums among cotton growers.

The legislature shall further provide for the deposit, withdrawal, disbursement and expenditure by the designated organization of any funds received, subject to the supervision and control of the activities authorized herein by the state department of agriculture and industries and the state board of agriculture and industries. Assessments, fees, or other charges collected as authorized by any legislative act adopted under authority hereof shall not be considered as a tax within the meaning of this Constitution or any provision thereof. The legislature shall further provide a procedure for the examination and auditing of said organization and for reasonable rules and regulations to be adopted by the state board of agriculture and industries; to effectively carry out the intent and purposes herein enumerated. Any uniformity requirements of this Constitution shall be satisfied by the application of the program to eradicate or control the boll weevil in cotton.

Section 93.04: Promotion of grain industry

The legislature may hereafter, by general law, provide for the promotion of the production, distribution, improvement, marketing, use and sale of wheat and other feed grains as defined and authorized by the legislature. The legislature may provide for the promotion of wheat and other feed grains and wheat and other feed grain products by research, education, advertising and other methods. The legislature is further authorized to provide means and methods for the financing of any such promotional activity by prescribing a procedure whereby producers of wheat and other feed grains may by referendum among such producers levy upon themselves and collect assessments, fees, or charges upon the sale of wheat and other feed grains for the financing of any such promotional program or activity in cooperation with buyers, processors, dealers, and handlers of wheat and other feed grains. The legislature may make provisions for the non-payment of assessments by wheat and other feed grain producers, and shall make provisions for the refund of assessments to any wheat and other feed grain producer who does not desire to participate in an assessment program. The legislature shall provide for the collection, disbursement, distribution or expenditure of assessments or charges authorized hereunder and to provide penalties for failure to make collection and distribution of assessments. The legislature shall provide for the designation of a nonprofit association or organization for the promotion and betterment of wheat and other feed grains and wheat and other feed grain products to administer and carry out such promotional program which shall include the conducting of elections or referendums among producers of wheat and other feed grains. The legislature may provide the manner by which such referendum is held, including the procedure for application for approval to conduct the referendum, the appropriate action to be taken by the state board of agriculture and industries on such application, the requirements and eligibility of the association or organization which will conduct such referendum, the procedures for voting and eligibility to vote in such referendum, the details of the conduct of such referendum. The legislature shall further provide for the deposit, withdrawal, disbursement and expenditure by the designated association of any funds received subject to the supervision and control of the activities as authorized herein by the department of agriculture and industries and the state board of agriculture and industries. The legislature shall further provide a procedure whereby said association or organization is bonded, for the examination and auditing of said association or organization, and for reasonably necessary rules and regulations to be adopted by the state board of agriculture and industries to effectively carry out the intent and purposes herein enumerated. Assessments, fees or other charges collected as authorized by any legislative act adopted under authority hereof shall not be considered as a tax within the meaning of the Constitution or any provision thereof. Any uniformity requirements of this Constitution shall be satisfied by the application of the program upon wheat and other feed grains.

Section 93.05: Indemnification program for peanut farmers

The legislature may hereafter, by general law, provide for an indemnification program to peanut farmers for losses incurred as a result of Aspergillus flavus and freeze damage in peanuts. The legislature is further authorized to provide means and methods for the financing of any such indemnification program by prescribing a procedure whereby peanut growers may by referendum among such growers levy upon themselves and collect assessments, fees or charges upon the sale of peanuts for the financing of any such indemnification program in cooperation with buyers, processors, dealers and handlers of peanuts; provided, no assessment levied hereunder shall exceed five dollars per ton on any peanuts sold by peanut growers. The legislature shall provide for the collection and distribution of any such assessments and provide penalties for fraud in the collection or distribution of such assessments. The legislature shall provide for the designation of a nonprofit association or organization organized for the promotion and betterment of peanut production to administer and carry out such indemnification program which shall include the conducting of elections or referendums among peanut growers and to cooperate with underwriters in executing a contract or contracts to cover claims for crop damage due to Aspergillus flavus or freeze damage. Assessments, fees or other charges collected or disbursed as authorized by any legislative act adopted in pursuance hereof shall not be considered as a tax within the meaning of this Constitution or any provision thereof.

Section 93.06: Promotion of production, distribution, etc., of peanuts, milk, and cotton

The legislature may hereafter, by general law, provide for the promotion of the production, distribution, improvement, marketing, use, and sale of peanuts, milk, and cotton. The legislature may provide for the promotion of peanuts, milk, and cotton and peanut, milk, and cotton products by research, education, advertising, and other methods, and the legislature is further authorized to provide means and methods for the financing of any such promotional activity by prescribing a procedure whereby growers of peanuts, and producers of milk and cotton may by referendum among such growers and producers levy upon themselves and collect assessments, fees, or charges upon the sale of peanuts, milk, and cotton for the financing of any such promotional program or activity in cooperation with buyers, processors, dealers, and handlers of peanuts, milk, and cotton. The legislature may make provisions for the nonpayment of assessments by peanut growers and milk and cottonproducers, and shall make provisions for the refund of assessments to any peanut growers and milk producers who do not desire to participate in an assessment program. The legislature shall provide for the collection, disbursement, distribution, or expenditure of assessments or charges authorized hereunder and to provide penalties for failure to make collection and distribution of assessments. The legislature shall provide for the designation of a nonprofit association or organization for the promotion and betterment of peanuts, milk, and cotton and peanut, milk, and cotton products to administer and carry out such promotional program which shall include the conducting of elections or referendums among growers of peanuts and producers of milk and cotton. The legislature may provide the manner by which such referendum is held, including the procedure for application for approval to conduct the referendum, the appropriate action to be taken by the State Board of Agriculture and Industries on such application, the requirements and eligibility of the association or organization which will conduct such referendum, the procedures for voting and eligibility to vote in such referendum, the details of the conduct of such referendum. The legislature shall further provide for the deposit, withdrawal, disbursement, and expenditure by the designated association of any funds received subject to the supervision and control of the activities as authorized herein by the Department of Agriculture and Industries and the State Board of Agriculture and Industries. The legislature shall further provide a procedure whereby the association or organization is bonded, for the examination and auditing of the association or organization, and for reasonably necessary rules and regulations to be adopted by the State Board of Agriculture and Industries to effectively carry out the intent and purposes herein enumerated.

The legislature shall provide, by enabling legislation, the definition of peanut growers and producers.

Assessments, fees or other charges collected as authorized by any legislative act adopted under authority hereof shall not be considered as a tax within the meaning of this Constitution or any provision thereof.

Any uniformity requirements of this Constitution shall be satisfied by the application of the program upon peanuts, milk, and cotton.

Section 93.07: Promotion of poultry and poultry products

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution, the legislature may hereafter, by general law, provide for the promotion of the production, distribution, marketing and use of poultry and poultry products. The legislature may provide for the promotion of poultry and poultry products and the poultry industry by research, education, advertising and other methods, and the legislature is further authorized to provide means and methods for the financing of any such promotional activity by prescribing a procedure whereby producers, owners or growers of poultry may by referendum held among such producers, owners or growers of poultry in this state levy upon themselves and collect assessments, fees, or charges upon the sale of poultry and poultry products for the financing of any such promotional program or activity in cooperation with processors, dealers, handlers and other buyers of poultry and poultry products. Provided, no assessment levied hereunder shall exceed two and one-half cents (2 ½,) per hen or other domesticated fowl or any other classes of poultry sold by producers thereof. The legislature is authorized to make provisions for nonpayment and for the refund of assessments levied upon owners, producers or growers of poultry to any such person who does not desire to participate in the promotional program. The legislature shall provide for the collection and distribution of assessments or charges authorized hereunder and to provide penalties for failure to make such collection and distribution of assessments. The legislature shall provide for the designation of a nonprofit association or organization organized for the promotion and betterment of poultry and poultry products in Alabama to administer and carry out such promotional program which shall include conducting elections or referendum among producers, owners or growers of poultry. The legislature shall further provide for the deposit, withdrawal, disbursement and expenditure by the designated association of any funds received subject to the supervision and control of the activities authorized herein by the department of agriculture and industries and the state board of agriculture and industries. Assessments, fees or other charges collected as authorized by any legislative act adopted under authority hereof shall not be considered as a tax within the meaning of this Constitution or any provision thereof. Any uniformity requirements of this Constitution shall be satisfied by the application of the program upon poultry and poultry products.

Section 93.08: Promotion of soybean industry

The legislature may hereafter, by general law, provide for the promotion of the production, distribution, improvement, marketing, use and sale of soybeans. The legislature may provide for the promotion of soybeans and soybean products by research, education, advertising and other methods, and the legislature is further authorized to provide means and methods for the financing of any such promotional activity by prescribing a procedure whereby producers of soybeans may by referendum among such producers levy upon themselves and collect assessments, fees, or charges upon the sale of soybeans for the financing of any such promotional program or activity in cooperation with buyers, processors, dealers, and handlers of soybeans. The legislature may make provisions for the nonpayment of assessments by soybean producers, and shall make provisions for the refund of assessments to any soybean producer who does not desire to participate in an assessment program. The legislature shall provide for the collection, disbursement, distribution or expenditure of assessments or charges authorized hereunder and to provide penalties for failure to make collection and distribution of assessments. The legislature shall provide for the designation of a nonprofit association or organization for the promotion and betterment of soybeans and soybean products to administer and carry out such promotional program which shall include the conducting of elections or referendums among producers of soybeans. The legislature may provide the manner by which such referendum is held, including the procedure for application for approval to conduct the referendum, the appropriate action to be taken by the state board of agriculture and industries on such application, the requirements and eligibility of the association or organization which will conduct such referendum, the procedures for voting and eligibility to vote in such referendum, the details of the conduct of such referendum. The legislature shall further provide for the deposit, withdrawal, disbursement and expenditure by the designated association of any funds received subject to the supervision and control of the activities as authorized herein by the department of agriculture and industries and the state board of agriculture and industries. The legislature shall further provide a procedure whereby said association or organization is bonded, for the examination and auditing of said association or organization, and for reasonably necessary rules and regulations to be adopted by the state board of agriculture and industries to effectively carry out the intent and purposes herein enumerated. Assessments, fees or other charges collected as authorized by any legislative act adopted under authority hereof shall not be considered as a tax within the meaning of this Constitution or any provision thereof. Any uniformity requirements of this Constitution shall be satisfied by the application of the program upon soybeans.

Section 93.09: Promotion of production, distribution, etc., of swine and swine products

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution, the legislature may hereafter, by general law, provide for the promotion of, the production, research, distribution, marketing, use, improvement and sale of swine and swine products. The legislature may provide for the promotion of swine and the swine industry by research, education, advertising and other methods, and the legislature is further authorized to provide means and methods for the financing of any such promotional activity by prescribing a procedure whereby producers of swine may by referendum held among the swine producers in this state levy upon themselves and collect assessments, fees, or charges upon the sale of swine for the financing of any promotional program or activity in cooperation with processors, dealers and handlers, of swine and swine products. The legislature may make provisions for the nonpayment of assessments by swine producers and shall make provisions for the refund of assessments to any swine producer dissatisfied with the assessment program. The legislature shall provide for the collection and distribution of any such assessments or charges by dealers, handlers, processors and purchasers of swine and swine products and provide penalties for failure to make collection and distribution of such assessments. The legislature shall provide for the designation of a nonprofit association or organization organized for the promotion and betterment of swine and swine products to administer and carry out such promotional program which shall include the conducting of elections or referendums among swine producers. The legislature may provide the manner by which such referendum is held, including the procedure for application for approval to conduct the referendum, the appropriate action to be taken by the state board of agriculture and industries on such application, the requirements and eligibility of the association or organization which will conduct such referendum, the procedures for voting and eligibility to vote in such referendum and the details of the conduct of such referendum. The legislature shall further provide for the deposit, withdrawal, disbursement and expenditure by the designated association of any funds received subject to the supervision and control of the activities as authorized herein by the department of agriculture and industries and the state board of agriculture and industries. The legislature shall further provide a procedure whereby said association or organization is bonded, for the examination and auditing of said association or organization, and for reasonably necessary rules and regulations to be adopted by the state board of agriculture and industries to effectively carry out the intent and purposes herein enumerated.

Assessments, fees or other charges collected as authorized by any legislative act adopted in pursuance hereof shall not be considered as a tax within the meaning of this Constitution or any provision thereof. Any uniformity requirements of this Constitution shall be satisfied by the application of the program upon swine and swine products.

Section 93.10: Organization and promotion of sheep and goat industry

The Legislature, by general law, may provide for the promotion of the production, distribution, improvement, marketing, use, and sale of sheep or goats. The Legislature may provide for the promotion of sheep and goats and their products by research, education, advertising, and other methods. The Legislature may provide means and methods for the financing of any promotional activity by prescribing a procedure whereby producers of sheep and goats may levy upon themselves and collect assessments, fees, or charges upon the sale of sheep and goats for the financing of any promotional program or activity in cooperation with buyers, processors, dealers, distributors, and handlers of sheep and goats. The Legislature may make provisions for the nonpayment of assessments by sheep and goat producers and shall make provisions for the refund of assessments to any producer of sheep or goats who does not desire to participate in an assessment program. The Legislature shall provide for the collection, disbursement, distribution, or expenditure of assessments or charges authorized by this amendment and provide penalties for failure to make the collection and distribution of assessments. The Legislature shall provide for the designation of a nonprofit association or organization for the promotion and betterment of sheep and goats and their products to administer and carry out any promotional program which shall include the conducting of elections or referendums among producers of sheep and goats. The Legislature may provide the manner by which a referendum is held, including the procedure for application for approval to conduct the referendum, the appropriate action to be taken by the State Board of Agriculture and Industries on an application, the requirements and eligibility of the association or organization which will conduct the referendum, the procedures for voting and eligibility to vote in the referendum, and the details of the conduct of the referendum. The Legislature shall further provide for the deposit, withdrawal, disbursement, and expenditure by the designated association of any funds received subject to the supervision and control of the activities as authorized by the Department of Agriculture and Industries and the State Board of Agriculture and Industries. The Legislature shall further provide a procedure for the association or organization to be bonded, for the examination and auditing of the association or organization, and for reasonably necessary rules and regulations to be adopted by the State Board of Agriculture and Industries to effectively carry out the intent and purposes of this amendment. Assessments, fees, or other charges collected as authorized by any legislative act adopted under authority of this amendment are not to be considered a tax within the meaning of this constitution or any other provisions. Any uniformity requirements of this constitution shall be satisfied by the application of the program upon the sheep and goat industry.

Section 93.11: Drainage districts

Section 1. The legislature may form or provide for the formation of drainage districts for establishing and maintaining drainage systems; and provide for the assessment of the whole or part of the cost of such improvements against the lands and property in such district to the extent of the increased value thereof by reason of special benefits derived from such improvements and may provide for the issuance of bonds for such districts with or without an election.

Section 2. This amendment shall be retroactive and retrospective and shall operate to ratify, confirm and validate the act of the legislature of Alabama, which act provided for the drainage of farm, wet, swamp and overflow lands in the state of Alabama and authorized the organization of drainage districts, conferred the right of eminent domain to the extent necessary to carry out the purpose of said act and provided for raising of revenues by bond issue or otherwise to pay the cost and expense of installing and maintaining drainage systems so as to promote the public health and general welfare and, which act was approved March 4, 1915; and this amendment shall operate to confirm and validate all corporate organizations under authority of such law, all procedure had, all acts done, all bonds issued, contracts entered into and assessments made by such corporations under authority of such law.

Section 93.12: Public hospitals and health facilities

The state, notwithstanding section 93 of the Constitution as amended and section 94 of the Constitution, may acquire, build, establish, own, operate and maintain hospitals, health centers, sanatoria and other health facilities. The legislature for such purposes may appropriate public funds and may authorize counties, municipalities and other political subdivisions to appropriate their funds, and may designate or create an agency or agencies to accept and administer funds appropriated or donated for such purposes by the United States government to the state upon such terms and conditions as may be imposed by the United States government.

Section 93.13: Development of irrigation districts

The legislature may by general, special or local laws authorize the formation of a body corporate for the development of one or more irrigation districts for the purposes of providing irrigation and water conservation in the state of Alabama, and may authorize the counties and municipalities lying within the boundaries of such district or districts to contribute public funds to such body corporate, and may authorize such body corporate to enter into contract with the government of the United States or any agency thereof, and with other states or political subdivisions thereof, and with other bodies corporate organized within this or other states for the development of one or more irrigation districts in the state of Alabama, and may authorize such body corporate to issue revenue bonds payable solely out of revenues accruing to such body corporate, and may authorize such body corporate to do and perform all other such acts necessary and proper for the full development of said Alabama irrigation district or districts provided, however, nothing herein shall authorize any such public corporation to engage in or finance, directly or indirectly, the production, transmission or sale of electric power.

Section 93.14: Soil and water conservation commission

The legislature by general law may provide for the creation and organization of a commission charged with the responsibility of improving soil and water conservation and forestry practices within the state, and in order to further the carrying out of that responsibility the legislature may appropriate moneys to such commission for the purpose of meeting the expenses of the commission and to allow the commission to share, through a cost-sharing award or grant program, the costs of soil conservation projects and practices, water quality improvements, reforestation projects and improved forestry practices on or with respect to agricultural or timber lands in the state owned or operated by individuals or other types of persons specified by the legislature, sections 93 and 94 of this Constitution, as amended, to the contrary notwithstanding. In any law enacted by the legislature respecting soil and water conservation costsharing grants as contemplated hereby, the legislature shall provide for the powers of the commission and for the receipt, withdrawal, disbursement and expenditure by such commission of any appropriated moneys and other funds received by the commission to fund its expenses and cost-sharing programs. The legislature shall provide that such commission shall consist of such citizens of the state [as] may be designated by law by the legislature, provided that [the] legislature may designate as ex officio members of the commission persons who are holders of other public offices or officers of such private organizations and associations as the legislature may designate that are interested in agricultural or timber property and soil and water conservation practices related thereto. Moneys appropriated to such commission for costsharing grants to be made pursuant to criteria provided by the legislature or promulgated by the commission pursuant to legislative delegation of the power so to do, shall be invested by the commission at its direction, or retained in the state treasury as the commission shall determine, until expended at the direction of the commission, provided that none of such appropriated moneys shall revert to the fund or funds from which they were appropriated in the event such moneys remain undisbursed or unencumbered on the last day of the fiscal year of the state in which they were appropriated to the commission, but rather shall remain available for disbursement by the commission in its programs in subsequent fiscal years.

Section 93.15: Development of Bear Creek watershed area

The legislature may by general, special, private or local laws authorize the formation in any manner of a public corporation for the development of Bear Creek, its tributaries and watershed, for the purposes of navigation, water conservation and supply, flood control, irrigation, industrial development, public recreation, and related purposes, and may authorize the counties of Marion, Colbert, Franklin and Winston and all municipalities lying within Marion, Colbert, Franklin and Winston counties to donate or contribute public funds to such public corporation and may authorize such public corporation to enter into contracts with the United States of America or any agency thereof, and with the several states or political subdivisions thereof, and with other public or private corporations organized within any of the several states, for the development of the Bear Creek watershed, and may authorize such public corporation to acquire by purchase, construction, lease, gift, condemnation, or otherwise property of any kind, real, personal ormixed, to mortgage or sell its property and to issue revenue bonds and other revenue securities payable solely out of revenues accruing to such public corporation, and may exempt such public corporation from all taxation in the state of Alabama, and may grant such public corporation all other powers and privileges which may be necessary and proper for the full development of said Bear Creek watershed. The provisions of sections 106 , 222 and 225 of the Constitution of Alabama shall not apply to any public corporation which may be organized pursuant to enabling legislation herein authorized or to any revenue bonds and other revenue securities at any time issued by such public corporation. Such public corporation shall be deemed a political subdivision of the state of Alabama.

Nothing herein shall authorize any such public corporation to engage in or finance, directly or indirectly the production, transmission, or sale of electric power. The area comprising the Bear Creek watershed shall include such land defined in enabling legislation herein authorized as shall lie within the counties of Marion, Colbert, Franklin and Winston.

Section 93.16: Water management districts

Section 1. The legislature may provide for the formation of water management districts for the establishment of works of improvement for the drainage of wet, swamp, and overflowed lands of the state, and for flood prevention or the conservation, development, utilization, and disposal of water within the state; confer the right of eminent domain for such purposes, provide for the taxing of the whole or part of the cost of such improvements against the lands and property in such district to the extent of the increased value thereof by reason of special benefits derived from such improvements; and provide for the issuance of bonds for such districts with or without an election; provided, however, that nothing herein shall authorize any such water management districts to engage in or finance, directly or indirectly, the production, transmission or sale of electric power.

Section 2. The provisions of this amendment are cumulative and shall not be construed to repeal amendment XV [Baldwin County § 2-11.00 and Mobile County § 49-11.00 ] or [Section 93.11 ].

Section 93.17: Organization and promotion of shrimp and seafood industry

The Legislature, by general law, may provide for the promotion of the production, distribution, improvement, marketing, use, and sale of shrimp and seafood. The Legislature may provide for the promotion of shrimp and seafood and shrimp and seafood products by research, education, advertising, and other methods, and the Legislature is further authorized to provide the means and methods for the financing of any promotional activity by prescribing a procedure whereby producers of shrimp and seafood by referendum among such producers levy upon themselves and collect assessments, fees, or charges upon the sale of shrimp and seafood or upon diesel fuel purchased for use in any commercial shrimp boat licensed to do business in this state for the financing of any promotional program or activity in cooperation with buyers, processors, dealers, distributors, and handlers of shrimp and seafood. The Legislature may make provisions for the nonpayment of assessments by shrimp and seafood producers and shall make provisions for the refund of assessments to any handler of shrimp or seafood who does not desire to participate in an assessment program.

The Legislature shall provide for the collection, disbursement, distribution, or expenditure of assessments or charges authorized hereunder and provide penalties for failure to make collection and distribution of assessments. The Legislature shall provide for the designation of a nonprofit association or organization for the promotion and betterment of shrimp and seafood products to administer and carry out such promotional program which shall include the conducting of elections or referendums among producers of shrimp and seafood. The Legislature may provide the manner by which the referendum is held, including the procedure for application for approval to conduct the referendum, the appropriate action to be taken by the State Board of Agriculture and Industries on an application, and the requirements and eligibility of the association or organization which will conduct the referendum. The Legislature shall further provide for the deposit, withdrawal, disbursement, and expenditure by the designated association of any funds received subject to the supervision and control of the activities as authorized herein by the Department of Agriculture and Industries and the State Board of Agriculture and Industries. The Legislature shall further provide a procedure whereby the association or organization is bonded, for the examination and auditing of the association or organization, and for reasonably necessary rules and regulations to be adopted by the State Board of Agriculture and Industries to effectively carry out the intent and purposes herein enumerated. Assessments, fees, or other charges collected as authorized by any legislative act adopted under authority hereof shall not be considered as a tax within the meaning of this constitution and shall be satisfied by the application of the program upon shrimp or seafood.

Section 93.18: Grant of certain monies to public or private entities for broadband infrastructure

The state, a county, or a municipality is authorized to grant federal award funds or any other source of funding designated for broadband infrastructure by state law to any public or private entity for the purpose of providing or expanding broadband infrastructure. The granting of funds by a county or a municipality to a private entity pursuant to this section must be approved at a public meeting held by the appropriate county or municipality.

Section 94: Political subdivisions not to grant public money or lend credit to individuals or corporations; alienation of recreational facilities and housing projects by political subdivisions and public bodies; expenditures by local school boards of education for recognition of contributions to public education

(a) The Legislature shall not have power to authorize any county, city, town, or other subdivision of this state to lend its credit, or to grant public money or thing of value in aid of, or to any individual, association, or corporation whatsoever, or to become a stockholder in any corporation, association, or company, by issuing bonds or otherwise. The Legislature may enact general, special, or local laws authorizing political subdivisions and public bodies to alienate, with or without a valuable consideration, public parks and playgrounds, or other public recreational facilities and public housing projects, conditional upon the approval of a majority of the duly qualified electors of the county, city, town, or other subdivision affected thereby, voting at an election held for that purposes.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a), local school boards of education may expend public funds for the recognition of significant contributions to education in Alabama and to promote educational excellence by students, faculty, staff, and the public. Recognitions shall be in the form of trophies, plaques, academic banquets, and other honors that promote academic excellence in the public schools of Alabama and recognize special deeds that strengthen public education in Alabama.

Section 94.01: Promotion of economic and industrial development by county commission

(a) The governing body of a county or municipality shall have full and continuing power to do any of the following:

(1) Use public funds to purchase, lease, or otherwise acquire real property, buildings, plants, factories, facilities, machinery, and equipment of any kind, or to utilize properties purchased or otherwise acquired on or before adoption of this amendment, and to improve and develop the properties for use as sites for industry of any kind or as industrial park projects, including, but not limited to, grading and the construction of roads, drainage, sewers, sewage and waste disposal systems, parking areas, and utilities to serve the sites or projects.

(2) Lease, sell, grant, exchange, or otherwise convey, on terms approved by the governing body of the county or the municipality, as applicable, all or any part of any real property, buildings, plants, factories, facilities, machinery, and equipment of any kind or industrial park project to any individual, firm, corporation, or other business entity, public or private, including any industrial development board or other public corporation or authority heretofore or hereafter created by the county or the municipality before or after adoption of this amendment, for the purpose of constructing, developing, equipping, and operating industrial, commercial, research, or service facilities of any kind.

(3) Lend its credit to or grant public funds and things of value in aid of or to any individual, firm, corporation, or other business entity, public or private, for the purpose of promoting the economic and industrial development of the county or the municipality.

(4) Become indebted and issue bonds, warrants, notes, or other obligations, or evidences of indebtedness to an aggregate outstanding principal amount not exceeding an amount equal to 50 percent of the assessed value of taxable property therein as determined for state taxation, in order to secure funds for the purchase, construction, lease, or acquisition of any of the property described in subdivision (1) , or to be used in furtherance of any of the other powers or authorities granted in this amendment. The obligations or evidences of indebtedness may be issued upon the full faith and credit of the county or any municipality or may be limited as to the source of their payment.

(b) The recital in any bonds, warrants, notes, or other obligations or evidences of indebtedness that they were issued pursuant to this amendment or that they were issued to provide funds to be used in furtherance of any power or authority herein authorized shall be conclusive, and no purchaser or holder thereof need inquire further. The bonds, warrants, notes, or other obligations or evidences of indebtedness issued hereunder shall not be considered an indebtedness of the county or any municipality for the purpose of determining the borrowing capacity of the county or municipality under this Constitution.

(c) In carrying out the purpose of this amendment, a county or a municipality shall not be subject to Section 93 or 94 of this Constitution, nor shall a county or municipality be required to comply with the provisions of Section 222 of this Constitution, unless issuing general obligation bond instruments establishing a requirement for repayment. Each public corporation created by the county or by any municipality located therein on or before the adoption of this amendment, including specifically any industrial development board incorporated under Article 4 of Chapter 54 of Title 11 of the Code of Alabama 1975, and any industrial development authority incorporated or reincorporated under Chapter 92A of Title 11 of the Code of Alabama 1975, and the Shoals Economic Development Authority enacted under Act No. 95-512, 1995 Regular Session, are validated and the powers granted to the board or authority under its respective enabling legislation are validated, notwithstanding any other provision of law or of this Constitution. The powers granted by this amendment may be exercised as an exclusive alternative to, or cumulative with, and in no way restrictive of, powers otherwise granted by this Constitution or any law to the county, or to any municipality, or to any agency, board, or authority created pursuant to the laws of this state.

(d) Neither the county nor any municipality located therein shall lend its credit to or grant any public funds or thing of value to or in aid of any private entity under the authority of this amendment unless prior to doing so, both of the following are satisfied:

(1) The action proposed to be taken by the county or municipality is approved at a public meeting of the governing body of the county or municipality, as the case may be, by a resolution containing a determination by the governing body that the expenditure of public funds for the purpose specified will serve a valid and sufficient public purpose, notwithstanding any incidental benefit accruing to any private entity or entities.

(2) At least seven days prior to the public meeting, a notice is published in a newspaper in circulation in the county or municipality, as the case may be, describing in reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken, a description of the public benefits sought to be achieved by the action, and identifying each individual, firm, corporation, or other business entity to whom, or for whose benefit, the county or the municipality proposes to lend its credit or grant public funds or thing of value.

(e) For purposes of the foregoing, any sale, lease, or other disposition of property for a price equal to its fair market value thereof shall not constitute the lending of credit or a grant of public funds or thing of value in aid of a private entity.

(f) Nothing in this amendment shall authorize the county commission to own or operate a cable television system.

(g) Any action taken, or agreement made, under Amendment 772 by any county or municipality prior to the date this amendment is ratified and confirmed in all respects as of that date, except to the extent that its validity is being challenged in appropriate judicial proceedings in any court of competent jurisdiction on the date this amendment is ratified. These amendatory provisions shall have prospective application only. Any local constitutional amendments previously adopted and any local law enacted pursuant to such amendment shall remain in full force and effect.

Section 94.02: Tax Increment districts in counties and municipalities

Any other provision of the Constitution heretofore adopted to the contrary notwithstanding, the legislature is hereby authorized to enact legislation permitting municipalities and counties to establish tax increment districts, as may be defined in such legislation; to authorize the payment to any such municipality or county of the increase in ad valorem taxes resulting from the redevelopment or revitalization of any such district except to the extent that any such payment would jeopardize the payment of any bonded indebtedness secured by any tax applicable in the proposed district; and subject to the mutual agreement of the municipality and county affected thereby to provide that all such increases in ad valorem taxes shall be payable to such municipality or county until the indebtedness or costs incurred for any project have been paid in full; to provide that public moneys, including the proceeds of obligations issued by the municipality or county for such purposes, may be expended for the acquisition of property and the redevelopment, rehabilitation or conservation thereof which may be disposed of to or for the benefit of private interest for compensation established by the governing body of county or municipality, as the case may be which established such district, but for not less than the fair market value thereof determined by one or more independent appraisals of such property; and to provide that any such obligations shall not be chargeable against the constitutional debt limit of the issuer unless such obligations shall be general obligations of the issuer in addition to being payable from such increases in property taxes. Any legislation passed at the same session of the legislature at which this amendment is proposed, which shall be in furtherance of or in implementation of the authority hereby granted is hereby validated and confirmed.

Section 95: Impairing obligation of contracts; revival of barred rights or remedies; removal of cause of action or defense to suit after commencement of suit

There can be no law of this state impairing the obligation of contracts by destroying or impairing the remedy for their enforcement; and the legislature shall have no power to revive any right or remedy which may have become barred by lapse of time, or by any statute of this state. After suit has been commenced on any cause of action, the legislature shall have no power to take away such cause of action, or destroy any existing defense to such suit.

Section 96: Uniformity of laws regulating court costs and charges and fees, commissions and allowances of public officers

The legislature shall not enact any law not applicable to all the counties in the state, regulating costs and charges of courts, or fees, commissions or allowances of public officers.

Section 96.01: Salaries, fees, etc., of county officials charged with assessing and collecting ad valorem taxes; abolishment, combination or alteration of offices of tax assessor, tax collector or license commissioner

The legislature may, from time to time, by general or local law applicable to the various counties of this state, establish the salaries, fees, commissions or allowances to be charged or received by the tax assessors, tax collectors, license commissioners, revenue commissioners or other officials charged with the assessing and collecting of ad valorem taxes in the various counties of this state, including changing the method and basis of their compensation; and may place any or all of such officials on a salary and further provide for disposition of the fees, commissions, allowances or other compensation theretofore paid to such officials; and may provide that the salaries of such officials may be paid from the ad valorem taxes assessed and collected by them on a pro rata basis from the various funds receiving such ad valorem taxes; provided, however, that following the effective date of any general law passed pursuant to this constitutional amendment, the legislature may not thereafter either increase or decrease the salaries of such officials during any term for which such officials have been elected or appointed, and in the case of such officials who were converted from a fee basis to a salary basis of compensation, the legislature may not decrease the salaries of such officials during any term for which such officials have been elected or appointed or may be thereafter reelected or reappointed. The legislature may by local act provide for the abolishment, combination or other alteration of the offices of tax assessor, tax collector or license commissioner with approval of a majority of voters in the county affected.

In the event this amendment is approved and subsequently ratified by the qualified electors of this state who vote thereon when it is submitted, then any law theretofore passed by the legislature addressing the subject matter covered by this amendment shall become effective according to the provisions of said law.

Section 97: Payment of salary of deceased officer after date of death

The legislature shall not authorize payment to any person of the salary of a deceased officer beyond the date of his death.

Section 98: Payments or grants to retiring officers

The legislature shall not retire any officer on pay, or part pay, or make any grant to such retiring officer; however, the legislature shall have the authority to provide that superintendents of education shall be eligible to participate in the Teachers' Retirement System of Alabama as the legislature may see fit.

Section 99: Restrictions on donation or sale of state lands to private corporations or individuals; grant of easements to railroad, telephone and telegraph companies

Lands belonging to or under the control of the state shall never be donated, directly or indirectly, to private corporations, associations, or individuals, or railroad companies; nor shall such lands be sold to corporations or associations for a less price than that for which they are subject to sale to individuals; provided, that nothing contained in this section shall prevent the legislature from granting a right of way, not exceeding one hundred and twenty-five feet in width, as a mere easement, for railroads or telegraph or telephone lines across state land, and the legislature shall never dispose of the land covered by such right of way except subject to such easement.

Section 100: Obligations and liabilities of corporations, etc., held or owned by state, counties or municipalities

No obligation or liability of any person, association, or corporation held or owned by this state, or by any county or other municipality thereof, shall ever be remitted, released, or postponed, or in any way diminished, by the legislature; nor shall such liability or obligation be extinguished except by payment thereof; nor shall such liability or obligation be exchanged or transferred except upon payment of its face value; provided, that this section shall not prevent the legislature from providing by general law for the compromise of doubtful claims.

Section 101: Lobbying in legislature by state or county officials

No state or county official shall, at any time during his term of office, accept, either directly or indirectly, any fee, money, office, appointment, employment, reward, or thing of value, or of personal advantage, or the promise thereof, to lobby for or against any measure pending before the legislature, or to give or withhold his influence to secure the passage or defeat of any such measure.

Section 102: Reserved

Section 103: Regulation, etc., of common carriers, partnerships, associations, trusts, monopolies and combinations of capital

The legislature shall provide by law for the regulation, prohibition, or reasonable restraint of common carriers, partnerships, associations, trusts, monopolies, and combinations of capital, so as to prevent them or any of them from making scarce articles of necessity, trade, or commerce, or from increasing unreasonably the cost thereof to the consumer, or preventing reasonable competition in any calling, trade, or business.

Section 104: Special, private or local laws - Prohibited in certain cases

The legislature shall not pass a special, private, or local law in any of the following cases:

(1) Granting a divorce;

(2) Relieving any minor of the disabilities of nonage;

(3) Changing the name of any corporation, association, or individual;

(4) Providing for the adoption or legitimizing of any child;

(5) Incorporating a city, town, or village;

(6) Granting a charter to any corporation, association, or individual;

(7) Establishing rules of descent or distribution;

(8) Regulating the time within which a civil or criminal action may be begun;

(9) Exempting any individual, private corporation, or association from the operation of any general law;

(10) Providing for the sale of the property of any individual or estate;

(11) Changing or locating a county seat;

(12) Providing for a change of venue in any case;

(13) Regulating the rate of interest;

(14) Fixing the punishment of crime;

(15) Regulating either the assessment or collection of taxes, except in connection with the readjustment, renewal, or extension of existing municipal indebtedness created prior to the ratification of the Constitution of eighteen hundred and seventy-five;

(16) Giving effect to an invalid will, deed, or other instrument;

(17) Authorizing any county, city, town, village, district, or other political subdivision of a county, to issue bonds or other securities unless the issuance of said bonds or other securities shall have been authorized before the enactment of such local or special law, by a vote of the duly qualified electors of such county, township, city, town, village, district, or other political subdivision of a county, at an election held for such purpose, in the manner that may be prescribed by law; provided, the legislature may, without such election, pass special laws to refund bonds issued before the date of the ratification of this Constitution;

(18) Amending, confirming, or extending the charter of any private or municipal corporation, or remitting the forfeiture thereof; provided, this shall not prohibit the legislature from altering or rearranging the boundaries of the city, town, or village;

(19) Creating, extending, or impairing any lien;

(20) Chartering or licensing any ferry, road, or bridge;

(21) Increasing the jurisdiction and fees of justices of the peace or the fees of constables;

(22) Establishing separate school districts;

(23) Establishing separate stock districts;

(24) Creating, increasing, or decreasing fees, percentages, or allowances of public officers;

(25) Exempting property from taxation or from levy or sale;

(26) Exempting any person from jury, road, or other civil duty;

(27) Donating any lands owned by or under control of the state to any person or corporation;

(28) Remitting fines, penalties, or forfeitures;

(29) Providing for the conduct of elections or designating places of voting, or changing the boundaries of wards, precincts, or districts, except in the event of the organization of new counties, or the changing of the lines of old counties;

(30) Restoring the right to vote to persons convicted of infamous crimes, or crimes involving moral turpitude;

(31) Declaring who shall be liners between precincts or between counties. The legislature shall pass general laws for the cases enumerated in this section, provided that nothing in this section or article shall affect the right of the legislature to enact local laws regulating or prohibiting the liquor traffic; but no such local law shall be enacted unless notice shall have been given as required in section 106 of this Constitution.

Section 104.01: Election of city boards of education - Population 125,000 or less

The Legislature by local law may provide in any municipality with a city board of education for the conducting of an authorizing referendum election regarding changing the city board of education to an elected city board of education. The Legislature by local law may authorize the governing body of any municipality with a city board of education, upon a recorded majority vote of the governing body, to call and conduct an authorizing referendum election regarding changing the city board of education of that municipality to an elected city board of education.

If a majority of the qualified electors voting in an authorizing referendum election called in either of the preceding manners vote in favor of an elected city board of education, the Legislature, from time to time, by local law may provide for the election of a city board of education in that municipality. Such local law or laws may include, but are not limited to, providing for termination of the terms of office of members of the existing city board of education; the composition of the city board of education; initial and succeeding terms of office, including staggered terms; election districts and atlarge membership; qualifications; powers, duties, and responsibilities; vacancies; and compensation.

Any general law, municipal classification law, or local law providing for or authorizing an elected city board of education in any municipality enacted within the last 1,095 days prior to the ratification date of this amendment is validated and confirmed. Any local referendum conducted pursuant to such general law, municipal classification law, or local law, or any combination of such laws, in which a majority of the qualified electors of the municipality voting voted in favor of an elected city board of education, is also validated and confirmed and that local referendum is considered as an authorizing referendum election for purposes of this amendment.

Notwithstanding Acts 97-679 and 97-616 of the 1997 Regular Session, initial elections for the members of the Tuscaloosa City Board of Education shall occur at the regularly scheduled municipal elections in the year 2001. Public hearings shall be held by the legislative delegation and amendments may be prepared and enacted by the Legislature which are deemed necessary and appropriate by the local delegation for any local legislation, including Acts 97-679 and 97-616 of the 1997 Regular Session, which are validated and confirmed by this amendment.

The results of any authorizing referendum election called pursuant to this amendment shall be reported to the State Board of Education which shall maintain a continuing record of those results for public inspection.

It is the intent of the Legislature that this amendment supersede any other provision of this constitution which may be construed as being in conflict with this amendment.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, this proposed amendment shall not apply to any municipality with a population exceeding 125,000 according to the most recent federal census.

Section 104.02: Election of city boards of education - Population exceeding 125,000

I. The members of the city board of education of any municipality in the state with a population exceeding 125,000 shall be elected by the qualified electors of the municipality in which the city board of education is located.

II. This amendment shall apply to a municipality with a population exceeding 125,000 if, at the time this amendment is submitted to a statewide vote, a majority of the qualified electors voting on the amendment in the respective municipality vote in favor of the amendment.

III. Upon the application of this amendment to a respective municipality, either at the time of the ratification of this amendment or at a later time, the Legislature shall, by local law, provide for the dissolution of any existing nonelected city board of education in an applicable municipality and for the date the elected city board of education shall be constituted. The existing city board of education shall continue to function until the date of dissolution. Additionally, the Legislature, by local law, may provide for the termination of the terms of office of members of an existing city board of education; the composition of the elected city board of education; initial and succeeding terms of office, including staggered terms; election districts and atlarge membership; qualifications; powers, duties, and responsibilities; vacancies; and compensation.

IV. If a municipality comes within the application of this constitutional amendment after the date of ratification of this constitutional amendment, the provisions of this constitutional amendment shall only apply to that municipality if such provisions are approved by a majority vote of the qualified electors of the municipality voting at a special referendum called and conducted pursuant to local law, adopted from time to time by the Legislature.

Section 105: Special, private or local laws - Prohibited in cases provided for by general law; exception as to time of holding courts; partial repeal of general laws

No special, private, or local law, except a law fixing the time of holding courts, shall be enacted in any case which is provided for by a general law, or when the relief sought can be given by any court of this state; and the courts, and not the legislature, shall judge as to whether the matter of said law is provided for by a general law, and as to whether the relief sought can be given by any court; nor shall the legislature indirectly enact any such special, private, or local law by the partial repeal of a general law.

Section 106: Special, private or local laws - Publication or posting of notice of intent to apply therefor within county or counties affected prior to introduction of bill

No special, private, or local law shall be passed on any subject not enumerated in section 104 of this Constitution, except in reference to fixing the time of holding courts, unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published, without cost to the state, in the county or counties where the matter or thing to be affected may be situated, which notice shall state the substance of the proposed law and be published at least once a week for four consecutive weeks in some newspaper published in such county or counties or if there is no newspaper published therein, then by posting the said notice for two consecutive weeks at five different places in the county or counties prior to the introduction of the bill; and proof that said notice has been given shall be exhibited to each house of the legislature through a certification by the clerk of the house or secretary of the senate that notice and proof was attached to the subject local legislation and the notice and proof shall be attached to the original copy of the subject bill and shall be filed in the department of archives and history where it shall constitute a public record. The courts shall pronounce void every special, private, or local law which the journals do not affirmatively show was passed in accordance with the provisions of this section.

This amendment shall be self-executing, and no enabling legislation shall be necessary.

Section 106.01: Validation of certain population based acts and method for amendment thereof

Any statute that was otherwise valid and constitutional that was enacted before January 13, 1978, by the legislature of this state and was a general act of local application on a population basis, that applied only to a certain county or counties or a municipality or municipalities of this state, shall not be declared invalid or unconstitutional by any court of this state because it was not properly advertised in compliance with section 106 of this Constitution.

All such population based acts shall forever apply only to the county or counties or municipality or municipalities to which they applied on January 13, 1978, and no other, despite changes in population.

The population based acts referred to above shall only be amended by acts which are properly advertised and passed by the legislature in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution.

Section 107: Special, private or local laws - Notice required by section 106 prerequisite to repeal or amendment

The legislature shall not, by a special, private, or local law, repeal or modify any special, private, or local law except upon notice being given and shown as provided in the last preceding section.

Section 108: Suspension of general laws for benefit of individuals or private corporations; exemption of individuals or private corporations from operation of general laws

The operation of a general law shall not be suspended for the benefit of any individual, private corporation, or association; nor shall any individual, private corporation or association be exempted from the operation of any general law except as in this article otherwise provided.

Section 109: General laws for protection of local and private interests

The legislature shall pass general laws under which local and private interests shall be provided for and protected.

Section 110: "General law," "local law" and "special law" defined

A general law is a law which in its terms and effect applies either to the whole state, or to one or more municipalities of the state less than the whole in a class. A general law applicable to such a class of municipalities shall define the class on the basis of criteria reasonably related to the purpose of the law, provided that the legislature may also enact and change from time to time a general schedule of not more than eight classes of municipalities based on population according to any designated federal decennial census, and general laws for any purpose may thereafter be enacted for any such class. Any law heretofore enacted which complies with the provisions of this section shall be considered a general law.

No general law which at the time of its enactment applies to only one municipality of the state shall be enacted, unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been given and shown as provided in Section 106 of this Constitution for special, private or local laws; provided, that such notice shall not be deemed to constitute such law a local law.

A special or private law is one which applies to an individual, association or corporation. A local law is a law which is not a general law or a special or private law.

Act No. 79-263 (House Bill No. 68) entitled "An Act to establish eight classes of municipalities, by population, based on the 1970 Federal decennial census" approved June 28, 1979, and each and every Act of the legislature thereafter enacted referred or relating to a class of municipalities as established in said Act No. 79-263 are hereby in all things ratified, approved, validated and confirmed as of the date of their enactment, any provision or provisions of the Constitution of Alabama, as amended, to the contrary notwithstanding.

Section 111: Amendment of bill introduced as general law so as to become special, private or local law on passage

No bill introduced as a general law in either house of the legislature shall be so amended on its passage as to become a special, private or local law.

Section 111.01: Laws placing responsibility for county roads in state highway department

The legislature shall not hereafter by general, special or local law authorize the state highway department or any other agency of the state of Alabama, other than a court of county commissioners, board of revenue or like county governing body, to assume responsibility for the construction, repair or maintenance of all county roads or bridges within a county unless the assumption of such responsibility by the state highway department or other agency shall be approved by a vote of the duly qualified electors of the county in which such roads lie at an election held for such purpose, in the manner that may be prescribed by law. Provided, the state highway department, or other state agency may engage in the construction, repair or maintenance of a county road or bridge upon written agreement signed by the director and a majority of the members of the county governing body; and provided further that the legislature is not prohibited from authorizing the highway director or other state agency to designate certain routes or roads within a county as a part of the state highway system.

Section 111.02: Termination of alimony upon remarriage or cohabitation of spouse

The legislature may pass laws to provide for the termination of alimony upon the remarriage of the spouse receiving the alimony or upon such spouse living openly or cohabiting with a member of the opposite sex. Such laws may be made to apply retrospectively.

Section 111.03: Effectiveness of laws providing for expenditure of county funds

No law, whether general, special or local, whose purpose or effect is to provide for a new or increased expenditure of county funds held or disbursed by the county governing body shall become effective as to any county of this state until the first day of the fiscal year next following the passage of such law. The foregoing notwithstanding, a law, whether general, special or local, whose purpose or effect is to provide for a new or increased expenditure of county funds held or disbursed by the county governing body, shall become effective according to its own terms as any other law if:

(1) such law is approved by a resolution duly adopted by and spread upon the minutes of the county governing body of the county affected thereby; or

(2) such law (or other law or laws which specifically refer to such law) provides the respective county governing bodies with new or additional revenues sufficient to fund such new or increased expenditures.

Section 111.04: Effectiveness of laws providing for expenditure of municipal funds

No law, whether general, special or local, whose purpose or effect is to provide for a new or increased expenditure of municipal funds held or disbursed by the municipal governing body shall become effective as to any municipality of this state until the first day of the fiscal year next following the passage of such law. The foregoing notwithstanding, a law, whether general, special or local, whose purpose or effect is to provide for a new or increased expenditure of municipal funds held or disbursed by the municipal governing body, shall become effective according to its own terms as any other law if:

(1) Such law is approved by a resolution duly adopted by and spread upon the minutes of the municipal governing body of the municipality affected thereby; or

(2) Such law (or other law or laws which specifically refer to such law) provides the respective municipal governing bodies with new or additional revenues sufficient to fund such new or increased expenditures.

Section 111.05: Effectiveness of unfunded mandates for municipalities, etc

(a) No general law, or state executive order whose purpose or effect is to require a new or increased expenditure of funds held or disbursed by the governing body of a municipality or county, or an instrumentality thereof, or a city or county board of education shall become effective as to any municipality or county, or an instrumentality thereof, or a city or county board of education until approved by an ordinance enacted, or a resolution adopted, by the governing authority of the affected municipality, county, instrumentality, or board of education or until, and only as long as, the Legislature appropriates funds for the purpose to the affected municipality, county, instrumentality, or board and only to the extent and amount that the funds are provided, or until a law provides for a local source of revenue within the municipality, county, instrumentality, or board for the stated purpose and the affected municipality, county, instrumentality, or board is authorized by ordinance or resolution to levy and collect the revenue and only to the extent and amount of the revenue.

(b) This amendment shall not apply to:

(1) A local law as defined in Article IV, Section 110 , Constitution of Alabama 1901.

(2) An act defining a new crime or amending the definition of an existing crime.

(3) An act, statute, executive order enacted, promulgated, or adopted and effective prior to January 6, 1999, which by its provisions requires expenditures by the county or municipality at any time after that date.

(4) An act enacted, or state executive order promulgated or adopted to comply with a federal mandate, only to the extent of the federal mandate.

(5) An act adopted or enacted by two-thirds of those voting in each house of the Legislature and any rule or regulation adopted to implement that act or adopted pursuant thereto.

(6) An act determined by the Legislative Fiscal Office to have an aggregate insignificant fiscal impact on affected municipalities, counties, instrumentalities, or boards. For purposes of this subsection, the phrase "aggregate insignificant fiscal impact" shall mean any impact less than $50,000 annually.

(7) An act of general application prescribing the minimum compensation for public officials.

(8) An act, statute, administrative rule, or other provision or portion thereof addressing compensation, benefits, or due process of any employee of a board education.

(c) For the purposes of this amendment, the phrase board of education shall include the Alabama Institute for Deaf and Blind, the Alabama School of Fine Arts, and the Alabama High School of Mathematics and Science.

Section 111.06: Expenditure of fees or taxes relating to use, etc., of vehicles and to fuels used for vehicles

No moneys derived from any fees, excises, or license taxes, levied by the state, relating to registration, operation, or use of vehicles upon the public highways except a vehicleuse tax imposed in lieu of a sales tax, and no moneys derived from any fee, excises, or license taxes, levied by the state, relating to fuels used for propelling such vehicles except pump taxes, shall be expended for other than cost of administering such laws, statutory refunds and adjustments allowed therein, cost of construction, reconstruction, maintenance and repair of public highways and bridges, costs of highway rights-of- way, payment of highway obligations, the cost of traffic regulation, and the expense of enforcing state traffic and motor vehicle laws. The provisions of this amendment shall not apply to any such fees, excises, or license taxes now levied by the state for school purposes for this whole state or for any county or city board of education therein; and the legislature may provide for the manufacture, distribution and use on private passenger or pleasure motor vehicles of personalized license plates or tags, bearing some special letters, figures, mark or badge of distinction or personal prestige in lieu of the regular license plates or tags, and if it does so, the legislature must also require that such tags may be procured only by payment of a fee or charge, in addition to the regular fee, excise or license tax for the registration, operation or use of such motor vehicles upon the highways. The moneys derived from the additional charge made for such special or distinctive license plates or tags, in excess of the cost of the manufacture and distribution of such plates or tags, may be used in such manner as the legislature prescribes.

Section 111.07: Maximum age limitations on certain appointed or elected officials prohibited

1. Any provision of the constitution or other law that imposes a maximum age restriction for the appointment, election, or service of an appointed or elected official, with the exception of persons elected or appointed to a judicial office pursuant to Section 155 , is repealed.

2. The Legislature may not enact any law imposing a maximum age restriction for the appointment, election, or service of any appointed or elected official.

Section 111.08: Implementation dates

The implementation date for any bill enacted by the Legislature in a calendar year in which a general election is to be held and relating to the conduct of the general election shall be at least six months before the general election.

Article V: Executive Department

Section 112: Composition; officers enumerated

The executive department shall consist of a governor, lieutenant governor, attorney-general, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, superintendent of education, commissioner of agriculture and industries, and a sheriff for each county.

Section 113: Supreme executive power vested in Governor

The supreme executive power of this state shall be vested in a chief magistrate, who shall be styled "The Governor of the State of Alabama."

Section 114: Governor, lieutenant governor, attorney-general, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and commissioner of agriculture and industries - How elected; when election held

The governor, lieutenant governor, attorney-general, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and commissioner of agriculture and industries shall be elected by the qualified electors of the state at the same time and places appointed for the election of members of the legislature in the year nineteen hundred and two, and in every fourth year thereafter.

Section 115: Governor, lieutenant governor, attorney-general, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and commissioner of agriculture and industries - Returns of election transmitted to speaker of house of representatives; opening and publication of election returns; duties of speaker and legislature ministerial in opening and publication of votes; person having highest number of votes elected; tie votes; contested elections

The returns of every election for governor, lieutenant governor, attorneygeneral, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and commissioner of agriculture and industries shall be sealed up and transmitted by the returning officers to the seat of government, directed to the speaker of the house of representatives, who shall, during the first week of the session to which such returns shall be made, open and publish them in the presence of both houses of the legislature in joint convention; but the speaker's duty and the duty of the joint convention shall be purely ministerial. The result of the election shall be ascertained and declared by the speaker from the face of the returns without delay. The person having the highest number of votes for any one of said offices shall be declared duly elected; but if two or more persons shall have an equal and the highest number of votes for the same office, the legislature by joint vote, without delay, shall choose one of said persons for said office. Contested elections for governor, lieutenant governor, attorney- general, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and commissioner of agriculture and industries, shall be determined by both houses of the legislature in such manner as may be prescribed by law.

Section 116: Governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and commissioner of agriculture and industries - Term of office; officers may succeed selves for one additional term

The governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and commissioner of agriculture and industries, shall hold their respective offices for the term of four years from the first Monday after the second Tuesday in January next succeeding their election and until their successors shall be elected and qualified. Each of said officers shall be eligible to succeed himself in office, but no person shall be eligible to succeed himself for more than one additional term. (As amended by Amendment 282 .)

Section 117: Qualifications of governor and lieutenant governor; lieutenant governor ex officio president of senate

The governor and lieutenant governor shall each be at least thirty years of age when elected, and shall have been citizens of the United States ten years and resident citizens of this state at least seven years next before the date of their election. The lieutenant governor shall be ex officio president of the senate, but shall have no right to vote except in the event of a tie.

Section 118: Compensation and residency requirements for governor, lieutenant governor, attorney-general, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and commissioner of agriculture and industries

The governor, lieutenant governor, attorney-general state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and commissioner of agriculture and industries, shall receive compensation to be fixed by law, which shall not be increased or diminished during the term for which they shall have been elected, and shall, except the lieutenant governor, reside at the state capital during the time they continue in office, except during epidemics. The compensation of the lieutenant governor shall be the same as that received by the speaker of the house, except while serving as governor, during which time his compensation shall be the same as that allowed the governor.

Section 119: Increase in salary of governor at session of legislature following ratification of Constitution

If the legislature, at the session next after the ratification of this Constitution, shall enact a law increasing the salary of the governor, such increase shall become effective and apply to the first governor elected after the ratification of this Constitution, if the legislature shall so determine.

Section 120: Governor to faithfully execute laws

The governor shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed.

Section 121: Governor may require reports from officers of executive department and officers and managers of state institutions; false reports or failure to file reports constitutes impeachable offense

The governor may require information in writing, under oath, from the officers of the executive department, named in this article, or created by statute, on any subject, relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he may at any time require information in writing, under oath, from all officers and managers of state institutions, upon any subject relating to the condition, management and expenses of their respective offices and institutions. Any such officer or manager who makes a willfully false report or fails without sufficient excuse to make the required report on demand, is guilty of an impeachable offense.

Section 122: Governor authorized to convene legislature on extraordinary occasions; proclamation of governor to state matters on which action necessary

The governor may, by proclamation, on extraordinary occasions, convene the legislature at the seat of government, or at a different place if, since their last adjournment, that shall have become dangerous from an enemy, insurrection, or other lawless outbreak, or from any infectious or contagious disease; and he shall state specifically in such proclamation each matter concerning which the action of that body is deemed necessary.

Section 123: Reports and information to be given legislature by governor; presentation of budget to legislature

The governor shall, from time to time, give to the legislature information of the state of the government, and recommend for its consideration such measures as he may deem expedient; and at the commencement of each regular session of the legislature, and at the close of his term of office, he shall give information by written message of the condition of the state; and he shall account to the legislature, as may be prescribed by law, for all moneys received and paid out by him or by his order; and at the commencement of each regular session he shall present to the legislature estimates of the amount of money required to be raised by taxation for all purposes.

Section 124: Authority of governor to grant reprieves and commutations to persons under sentence of death; legislature to regulate administration of pardons, paroles, remission of fines and forfeitures, suspension of sentences and probation; pardon not relief from civil and political disabilities unless specifically provided

(a)

(1) The Governor may grant reprieves and commutations to persons under sentence of death.

(2) The power to grant a reprieve or commutation under subdivision (1) shall not be exercised until the Governor has notified the Attorney General and has made reasonable efforts to notify a designated member of the victim's family, whose mailing address, e-mail, and phone number have been provided to the Governor by the Attorney General for this purpose.

(3) Failure to provide the required notification under subdivision (2) shall void the reprieve or commutation, and the Attorney General may seek a new execution order from the Alabama Supreme Court as provided under existing law.

(b) The Legislature may provide for and regulate the administration of pardons, paroles, remission of fines and forfeitures, and may authorize the courts having criminal jurisdiction to suspend sentence and to order probation.

Section 125: Presentation of bills to governor for signature; veto power of governor; procedure for passage of bill after veto by governor; effect of failure of governor to sign bill

Every bill which shall have passed both houses of the legislature, except as otherwise provided in this Constitution, shall be presented to the governor; if he approve, he shall sign it; but if not, he shall return it with his objections to the house in which it originated, which shall enter the objections at large upon the journal and proceed to reconsider it. If the governor's message proposes no amendment which would remove his objections to the bill, the house in which the bill originated may proceed to reconsider it, and if a majority of the whole number elected to that house vote for the passage of the bill, it shall be sent to the other house, which shall in like manner reconsider, and if a majority of the whole number elected to that house vote for the passage of the bill, the same shall become a law, notwithstanding the governor's veto. If the governor's message proposes amendment, which would remove his objections, the house to which it is sent may so amend the bill and send it with the governor's message to the other house, which may adopt, but can not amend, said amendment; and both houses concurring in the amendment, the bill shall again be sent to the governor and acted on by him as other bills. If the house to which the bill is returned refuses to make such amendment, it shall proceed to reconsider it; and if a majority of the whole number elected to that house shall vote for the passage of the bill, it shall be sent with the objections to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by a majority of the whole number elected to that house, it shall become a law. If the house to which the bill is returned makes the amendment, and the other house declines to pass the same, that house shall proceed to reconsider it, as though the bill had originated therein, and such proceedings shall be taken thereon as above provided. In every such case the vote of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the members voting for or against the bill shall be entered upon the journals of each house, respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the governor within six days, Sunday excepted, after it shall have been presented, the same shall become a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the legislature, by its adjournment, prevent the return, in which case it shall not be a law; but when return is prevented by recess, such bill must be returned to the house in which it originated within two days after the reassembling, otherwise it shall become a law, but bills presented to the governor within five days before the final adjournment of the legislature may be approved by the governor at any time within ten days after such adjournment, and if approved and deposited with the secretary of state within that time shall become law. Every vote, order, or resolution to which concurrence of both houses may be necessary, except on questions of adjournment and the bringing on of elections by the two houses, and amending this Constitution, shall be presented to the governor; and, before the same shall take effect, be approved by him; or, being disapproved, shall be repassed by both houses according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.

Section 126: Authority of governor to veto items in appropriation bills

The governor shall have power to approve or disapprove any item or items of any appropriation bill embracing distinct items, and the part or the parts of the bill approved shall be the law, and the item or items disapproved shall be void, unless repassed according to the rules and limitations prescribed for the passage of bills over the executive veto; and he shall in writing state specifically the item or items he disapproves, setting the same out in full in his message, but in such case the enrolled bill shall not be returned with the governor's objection.

Section 127: Succession to office of governor; filling of vacancy when offices of governor and lieutenant governor both vacant; procedure when governor or successor impeached, absent from state, disabled, etc.; failure of governor-elect, lieutenant governor-elect, etc., to qualify

In case of the governor's removal from office, death or resignation, the lieutenant governor shall become governor. If both the governor and lieutenant governor be removed from office, die or resign more than sixty days prior to the next general election, at which any state officers are to be elected, a governor and lieutenant governor shall be elected at such election for the unexpired term, and in the event of a vacancy in the office, caused by the removal from office, death or resignation of the governor and lieutenant governor, pending such vacancy and until their successors shall be elected and qualified, the office of governor shall be held and administered by either the president pro tem. of the senate, speaker of the house of representatives, attorney-general, state auditor, secretary of state, or state treasurer in the order herein named. In case of the impeachment of the governor, his absence from the state for more than twenty days, unsoundness of mind, or other disability, the power and authority of the office shall, until the governor is acquitted, returns to the state, or is restored to his mind, or relieved from other disability, devolve in the order herein named, upon the lieutenant governor, president pro tem. of the senate, speaker of the house of representatives, attorney-general, state auditor, secretary of state, and state treasurer. If any of these officers be under any of the disabilities herein specified, the office of the governor shall be administered in the order named by such of these officers as may be free from such disability. If the governor shall be absent from the state over twenty days, the secretary of state shall notify the lieutenant governor, who shall enter upon the duties of governor; if both the governor and lieutenant governor shall be absent from the state over twenty days, the secretary of state shall notify the president pro tem. of the senate, who shall enter upon the duties of governor, and so on, in case of such absence, he shall notify each of the other officers named in their order, who shall discharge the duties of the office until the governor or other officer entitled to administer the office in succession to the governor returns. If the governor-elect fail or refuse from any cause to qualify, the lieutenant governor elect shall qualify and exercise the duties of governor until the governor- elect qualifies; and in the event both the governor elect and the lieutenant governor elect from any cause fail to qualify, the president pro tem. of the senate, the speaker of the house of representatives, the attorney-general, state auditor, secretary of state, and state treasurer, shall, in like manner, in the order named, administer the office until the governor-elect or lieutenant governor elect qualifies.

Section 128: Procedure when governor or acting governor appears to be of unsound mind

If the governor or other officer administering the office shall appear to be of unsound mind, it shall be the duty of the supreme court of Alabama, at any regular term, or at any special term, which it is hereby authorized to call for that purpose, upon request in writing, verified by their affidavits, of any two of the officers named in section 127 of this Constitution, not next in succession to the office of governor, to ascertain the mental condition of the governor or other officer administering the office, and if he is adjudged to be of unsound mind, to so decree, a copy of which decree, duly certified, shall be filed in the office of the secretary of state; and in the event of such adjudication, it shall be the duty of the officer next in succession to perform the duties of the office until the governor or other officer administering the office is restored to his mind. If the incumbent denies that the governor or other person entitled to administer the office has been restored to his mind, the supreme court, at the instance of any officer named in section 127 of this Constitution, shall ascertain the truth concerning the same, and if the officer has been restored to his mind, shall so adjudge and file a duly certified copy of its decree with the secretary of state; and in the event of such adjudication, the office shall be restored to him. The supreme court shall prescribe the method of taking testimony and the rules of practice in such proceedings, which rules shall include a provision for the service of notice of such proceedings on the governor or person acting as governor.

Section 129: Compensation of acting governor

The lieutenant governor, president pro tem. of the senate, speaker of the house, attorney-general, state auditor, secretary of state, or state treasurer, while administering the office of governor, shall receive like compensation as that prescribed by law for the governor, and no other.

Section 130: Holding office in addition to that of governor

No person shall, at the same time, hold the office of governor and any other office, civil or military, under this state, or the United States, or any other state or government, except as otherwise provided in this Constitution.

Section 131: Military powers of governor

The governor shall be commander-in-chief of the militia and volunteer forces of this state, except when they shall be called into the service of the United States, and he may call out the same to execute the laws, suppress insurrection, and repel invasion, but need not command in person unless directed to do so by resolution of the legislature; and when acting in the service of the United States, he shall appoint his staff, and the legislature shall fix his rank.

Section 132: Qualifications of attorney-general, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and commissioner of agriculture and industries

No person shall be eligible to the office of attorney-general, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, or commissioner of agriculture and industries unless he shall have been a citizen of the United States at least seven years, and shall have resided in this state at least five years next preceding his election, and shall be at least twenty-five years old when elected.

Section 133: Great seal of state

There shall be a seal of the state, which shall be used officially by the governor, and the seal now in use shall continue to be used until another shall have been adopted by the legislature. The seal shall be called "The Great Seal of the State of Alabama."

Section 134: Duties of secretary of state generally

The secretary of state shall be the custodian of the great seal of the state, and shall authenticate therewith all official acts of the governor, except his approval of laws, resolutions, appointments to office, and administrative orders. He shall keep a register of the official acts of the governor, and when necessary, shall attest them, and lay copies of same together with copies of all papers relative thereto, before either house of the legislature, when required to do so, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by law.

Section 135: Issuance and execution of grants and commissions

All grants and commissions shall be issued in the name and by the authority of the state of Alabama, sealed with the great seal of the state, signed by the governor and countersigned by the secretary of state.

Section 136: Vacancy in office or unsoundness of mind of attorney general, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, or commissioner of agriculture and industries

Should the office of attorney-general, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, or commissioner of agriculture and industries become vacant from any cause, the governor shall fill such vacancy until the disability is removed or a successor elected and qualified. In case any of said officers shall become of unsound mind, such unsoundness shall be ascertained by the supreme court upon the suggestion of the governor.

Section 137: Duties generally and restrictions on receipt of fees, etc., by attorney general, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and commissioner of agriculture and industries; annual reports by state treasurer and state auditor; attorney general may be required to defend suits against state, political subdivisions, officers, etc

The attorney general, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and commissioner of agriculture and industries shall perform such duties as may be prescribed by law. The state treasurer and state auditor shall, every year, at a time fixed by the legislature, make a full and complete report to the governor, showing the receipts and disbursements of every character, all claims audited and paid out, by items, and all taxes and revenues collected and If paid into the treasury, and the sources thereof. They shall make reports oftener upon any matters pertaining to their offices, if required by the governor or the legislature. The attorney general, state auditor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and commissioner of agriculture and industries shall not receive to their use any fees, costs, perquisites of office or other compensation than the salaries prescribed by law, and all fees that may be payable for any services performed by such officers shall be at once paid into the state treasury. The legislature may require the attorney general to defend any or all suits brought against the state, or any subdivision thereof, or against any state school board or state board of education, or against any county or city school board or board of education, or against like boards or commissions by whatever name designated, or against any members, officers or employees of any such boards, or against any school official or employee throughout Alabama.

Section 138: Election and term of office of sheriffs; sheriff eligible to succeed self; impeachment of sheriff; effect of impeachment of sheriff

A sheriff shall be elected in each county by the qualified electors thereof who shall hold office for a term of four years unless sooner removed, and he shall be eligible to such office as his own successor. Whenever any prisoner is taken from jail, or from the custody of any sheriff or his deputy, and put to death, or suffers grevious [grievous] bodily harm, owing to the neglect, connivance, cowardice, or other grave fault of the sheriff, such sheriff may be impeached, under section 174 of this Constitution. If the sheriff be impeached, and thereupon convicted, he shall not be eligible to hold any office in this state during the time for which he had been elected or appointed to serve as sheriff.

Section 138.01: Appointments and promotions in civil service

A. Appointments and promotions in the civil service of this state shall be made according to merit, fitness and efficiency, to be determined, so far as practicable, by examination, which, so far as practicable, shall be competitive under such laws as the legislature may enact.

B. It shall be the duty of the legislature to maintain laws necessary to implement, and to provide adequate financial support for, a positive program of personnel management in the state service.

C. All state personnel laws now in effect that are not in conflict with this article shall continue in effect until they are amended or repealed as provided by law. Civil service status acquired by employees under existing statutes shall not be affected by the provisions of this article.

Section 138.02: Conveyance of Alabama State Docks Department property

(a) The state of Alabama, through the Alabama state docks department, is authorized to convey, without consideration, title to its real property, equipment and facilities located in Lauderdale county, Alabama, and known as the Alabama State Docks to the Florence-Lauderdale County Port Authority, a public corporation, but subject to existing leases and other contractual agreements now in effect. Any laws or parts of laws or any provisions of the Constitution of 1901, as amended, which are in conflict with this amendment are hereby revised, superseded and repealed to the extent they are in conflict with this amendment.

(b) The state of Alabama, through the Alabama state docks department, is authorized to convey, without consideration, title to its real property, equipment and facilities located in Morgan county, Alabama, and known as the Alabama State Docks to the Decatur-Morgan County Port Authority, a public corporation, and in Walker county, Alabama, known as the State Docks in Cordova in Walker county to the Walker county commission, but subject to existing leases and other contractual agreements now in effect. Any laws or parts of laws or any provisions of the Constitution of 1901, as amended, which are in conflict with this amendment are hereby revised, superseded and repealed to the extent they are in conflict with this amendment. The provisions herein shall be self-executing.

(c) The State of Alabama, through the Alabama State Docks Department, may convey, without consideration, title to its real property, equipment, and facilities located in Madison County, Alabama, and known as the Alabama State Docks, to the Huntsville-Madison County Marina and Port Authority, a public corporation. The conveyance shall be subject to existing leases and other contractual agreements now in effect. Any laws or parts of laws, or any provisions of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, are revised, superseded, and repealed to the extent they are in conflict with this amendment.

Section 138.03: Use of Assets of State Retirement Systems

All of the assets, proceeds or income of the teachers', employees', state police, public and judicial retirement systems of Alabama, or any successor systems thereto, and all contributions and payments made to such systems to provide for retirement and related benefits thereunder, shall be held, invested as authorized by law, or disbursed as in trust for the exclusive purpose of providing for such benefits, refunds and administrative expenses under the management of the boards of control of the aforementioned retirement systems; and, none of such assets, proceeds, income, contributions or payments shall be used, loaned, encumbered or diverted to or for any other purpose whatsoever.

Section 138.04: Health care benefits for retired state and education employees

All of the assets, proceeds, and income of the Alabama Retired State Employees' Health Care Trust and the Alabama Retired Education Employees' Health Care Trust, or any successor or assignee of the trust, and all contributions and payments made to the trustees of the trusts, shall be held, invested as authorized by law, and disbursed for the exclusive purposes of providing for administrative expenses of the respective trust and health care benefits under the management of the trustees of the respective trust in accordance with the terms of its trust agreement. None of the assets, proceeds, income, contributions, or payments shall be used, loaned, encumbered, or diverted to or for any other purpose whatsoever, except, that (a) a trust may be terminated, if the State has no obligation to provide post-employment health care benefits for which the trust was established to such persons, and, in that event, the remaining assets of the trust shall revert to the State Treasury to and for the credit of the State Employees' Insurance Board, the Public Education Employees' Health Insurance Board, or its successor or assign, as the case may be, related to the terminated trust or (b) if in response to a petition of the trustees of a trust requesting that the respective trust agreement be amended, a court of competent jurisdiction determines that the amendment proposed by the trustees is necessary or otherwise advisable to accomplish one or more purposes of the act authorizing and directing the creation of the trusts.

Article VI: Judicial Department

Section 139: Judicial power

(a) Except as otherwise provided by this Constitution, the judicial power of the state shall be vested exclusively in a unified judicial system which shall consist of a supreme court, a court of criminal appeals, a court of civil appeals, a trial court of general jurisdiction known as the circuit court, a trial court of limited jurisdiction known as the district court, a probate court and such municipal courts as may be provided by law.

(b) The legislature may create judicial officers with authority to issue warrants and may vest in administrative agencies established by law such judicial powers as may be reasonably necessary as an incident to the accomplishment of the purposes for which the agencies are created.

Section 140: The supreme court

(a) The supreme court shall be the highest court of the state and shall consist of one chief justice and such number of associate justices as may be prescribed by law.

(b) The supreme court shall have original jurisdiction (1) of cases and controversies as provided by this Constitution, (2) to issue such remedial writs or orders as may be necessary to give it general supervision and control of courts of inferior jurisdiction, and (3) to answer questions of state law certified by a court of the United States.

Section 141: Courts of appeals

(a) The court of criminal appeals shall consist of such number of judges as may be provided by law and shall exercise appellate jurisdiction under such terms and conditions as shall be provided by law and by rules of the supreme court.

(b) The court of civil appeals shall consist of such number of judges as may be provided by law and shall exercise appellate jurisdiction under such terms and conditions as shall be provided by law and by rules of the supreme court.

(c) The court of criminal appeals and the court of civil appeals shall have no original jurisdiction except the power to issue all writs necessary or appropriate in aid of appellate jurisdiction of the courts of appeals.

(d) The court of criminal appeals shall have and exercise original jurisdiction in the issuance and determination of writs of quo warranto and mandamus in relation to matters in which said court has appellate jurisdiction. Said court shall have authority to issue writs of injunction, habeas corpus and such other remedial and original writs as are necessary to give it a general superintendence and control of jurisdiction inferior to it and in matters over which it has exclusive appellate jurisdiction; to punish for contempts by the infliction of a fine as high as one hundred dollars, and imprisonment not exceeding ten days, one or both, and to exercise such other powers as may be given to said court by law.

Section 142: Circuit court

(a) The state shall be divided into judicial circuits. For each circuit, there shall be one circuit court having such divisions and consisting of such number of judges as shall be provided by law.

(b) The circuit court shall exercise general jurisdiction in all cases except as may otherwise be provided by law. The circuit court may be authorized by law to review decisions of state administrative agencies and decisions of inferior courts. It shall have authority to issue such writs as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate its powers, and shall have such other powers as may be provided by law.

Section 143: District court

The district court shall be a court of limited jurisdiction and shall exercise uniform original jurisdiction in such cases, and within such geographical boundaries, as shall be prescribed by law, provided that the district court shall hold court in each county seat and at such other places as prescribed by law. The district court shall have jurisdiction of all cases arising under ordinances of municipalities in which there is no municipal court and shall hold court in each incorporated municipality of a population of 1000 or more where there is no municipal court at places prescribed by law.

Section 144: Probate court

There shall be a probate court in each county that shall have general jurisdiction of adoptions and the power to grant letters testamentary, and of administration, and of guardianships, and shall have such further jurisdiction as may be provided by law, provided, that whenever the circuit court has taken jurisdiction of the settlement of any estate, it shall have power to do all things necessary for the settlement of such estate, including the appointment and removal of administrators, executors, guardians, and trustees and including action upon the resignation of either of them.

Section 145: Municipal courts

All municipal courts shall have uniform original jurisdiction limited to cases arising under municipal ordinances as prescribed by law. Judges of municipal courts shall be licensed to practice law in the state and have such other qualifications as the legislature may prescribe. A municipal judge may serve as a judge of more than one municipal court. Expenses of municipal courts and compensation of municipal judges shall be paid in a manner prescribed by law notwithstanding the provisions of section 6.09 [§ 148 ] of this article. Municipal judges shall be appointed and vacancies filled by the governing body of the municipality, in accordance with uniform terms, conditions and procedures as may be provided by law, notwithstanding the provisions of sections 6.13 [§ 152 ], 6.14 [§ 153 ] and 6.15 [§ 154 ] of this article. The prohibited activities of section 6.08 (a) and (b) [§ 147 ] shall not be applicable to a judge of a municipal court.

The governing body of a municipality shall have the right to elect at any time to abolish the municipal court within its limits. If such election is exercised, the jurisdiction of the court abolished shall be transferred to the district court of the district in which the municipality is located. The governing body of a municipality, may, at its election, reestablish a municipal court after appropriate notice.

Section 146: Qualifications of judges

Judges of the supreme court, courts of appeals, circuit court and district court shall be licensed to practice law in this state and have such other qualifications as the legislature may prescribe. Judges of the probate court shall have such qualifications as may be provided by law.

Section 147: Prohibited activities

(a) No judge of any court of this state shall, during his continuance in office, engage in the practice of law or receive any remuneration for his judicial service except the salary and allowances authorized by law.

(b) No judge, except a judge of a probate court, shall seek or accept any nonjudicial elective office, or hold any other office of public trust, excepting service in the military forces of the state or federal governments.

(c) The supreme court shall adopt rules of conduct and canons of ethics, not inconsistent with the provisions of this Constitution, for the judges of all courts of this State.

Section 148: Judicial compensation

(a) A state judicial compensation commission is hereby created which shall recommend the salary and expense allowances to be paid from the state treasury for all the judges of this state except for judges of the probate court. The commission shall consist of five members; one shall be appointed by the governor, one by the president of the senate, one by the speaker of the house, and two by the governing body of the Alabama state bar.

(b) Members of the judicial compensation commission shall serve for terms of four years. Any vacancy on the commission shall be filled in the same manner in which such position was originally filled. The legislature shall appropriate sufficient funds for the expenses of the commission.

(c) No member of the commission shall hold any other public office, or office in any political party, and no member of the commission shall be eligible for appointment to a state judicial office so long as he is a member of the commission and for two years thereafter.

(d) The commission may submit a report to the legislature at any time within the first five calendar days of any session. The recommendations of the commission shall become law upon confirmation by a joint resolution or such recommendations may be altered by an act of the legislature at the session to which the report is submitted. The compensation of a judge shall not be diminished during his official term.

Section 149: Administration

The chief justice of the supreme court shall be the administrative head of the judicial system. He shall appoint an administrative director of courts and other needed personnel to assist him with his administrative tasks. The chief justice may assign appellate justices and judges to any appellate court for temporary service and trial judges, supernumerary justices and judges, and retired trial judges and retired appellate judges for temporary service in any court. Adequate and reasonable financing for the entire unified judicial system shall be provided. Adequate and reasonable appropriations shall be made by the legislature for the entire unified judicial system, exclusive of probate courts and municipal courts. The legislature shall receive recommendations for appropriations for the trial courts from the administrative director of courts and for the appellate courts from each such court.

Section 150: Power to make rules

The supreme court shall make and promulgate rules governing the administration of all courts and rules governing practice and procedure in all courts; provided, however, that such rules shall not abridge, enlarge or modify the substantive right of any party nor affect the jurisdiction of circuit and district courts or venue of actions therein; and provided, further, that the right of trial by jury as at common law and declared by section 11 of the Constitution of Alabama 1901 shall be preserved to the parties inviolate. These rules may be changed by a general act of statewide application.

Section 151: Number of circuit and district judges

(a) The supreme court shall establish criteria for determining the number and boundaries of judicial circuits and districts, and the number of judges needed in each circuit and district. If the supreme court finds that a need exists for increasing or decreasing the number of circuit or district judges, or for changing the boundaries of judicial circuits or districts, it shall, at the beginning of any session of the legislature, certify its findings and recommendations to the legislature.

(b) If a bill is introduced at any session of the legislature to increase or decrease the number of circuit or district judges, or to change the boundaries of any judicial circuit or district, the supreme court must, within three weeks, report to the legislature its recommendations on the proposed change. No change shall be made in the number of circuit or district judges, or the boundaries of any judicial circuit or district unless authorized by an act adopted after the recommendation of the supreme court on such proposal has been filed with the legislature.

(c) An act decreasing the number of circuit or district judges shall notaffect the right of any judge to hold his office for his full term.

Section 155.01: Retirement - District attorneys and circuit clerks

The Legislature is authorized to provide a retirement program for district attorneys and circuit clerks of the state who are first elected or appointed on or after November 8, 2016.

Section 152: Election of judges

All judges shall be elected by vote of the electors within the territorial jurisdiction of their respective courts.

Section 153: Vacancies in judicial office

The office of a judge shall be vacant if he dies, resigns, retires, or is removed. Vacancies in any judicial office shall be filled by appointment by the governor; however, except for the provisions for the initial term of a judge appointed to fill a vacancy as provided herein, vacancies occurring in any judicial office in Jefferson county shall be filled as now provided by amendments 83 and 110 to the Constitution of Alabama of 1901 and vacancies occurring in Shelby, Madison, Wilcox, Monroe, Conecuh, Clarke, Washington, Henry, Etowah, Walker, Tallapoosa, Pickens, Greene, Tuscaloosa, [and] St. Clair county [counties] [sic] shall be filled as provided in the Constitution of 1901 with amendments now or hereafter adopted, or as may be otherwise established by a properly advertised and enacted local law. Notwithstanding any other provision of any amendment to this Constitution, a judge, other than a probate judge, appointed to fill a vacancy, shall serve an initial term lasting until the first Monday after the second Tuesday in January following the next general election held after he has completed two years in office. At the election the judicial office shall be filled for a full term of office beginning at the end of the appointed term.

Section 154: Tenure of office

(a) The term of office of each judge of a court of the judicial system of this state shall be six years.

(b) A law reducing the number of judges of the supreme court or of a court of appeals shall be without prejudice to the right of the judges affected to seek retention in office. The reduction shall become effective when a vacancy in the affected court occurs.

Section 155: Retirement

The legislature shall provide by law for the retirement of judges, including supernumerary judges, with such conditions, retirement benefits, and pensions for them and their dependents as it may prescribe. No person shall be elected or appointed to a judicial office after reaching the age of seventy years, provided that a judge over the age of seventy may be appointed to the office of supernumerary judge if he is not eligible to receive state judicial retirement benefits.

Section 156: Judicial Inquiry Commission

(a) A Judicial Inquiry Commission is created consisting of nine members. The Supreme Court shall appoint one appellate judge who shall not be a Justice on the Supreme Court; the Circuit Judges' Association shall appoint two judges of the circuit court; the Governor shall appoint three persons who are not lawyers, who shall be subject to Senate confirmation before serving; the Lieutenant Governor shall appoint one district judge who shall be subject to Senate confirmation; and the governing body of the Alabama State Bar shall appoint two members of the state bar to serve as members of the commission. Provided, however, that on January 1, 2005, the appointment authority granted to the Lieutenant Governor shall revert to the Governor and the Governor shall thereafter be entitled to appoint three persons who are not lawyers and one district judge, all subject to Senate confirmation. The commission shall select its own chair. The terms of the members of the commission shall be four years. A vacancy on the commission shall be filled for a full term in the manner the original appointment was made.

(b) The commission shall be convened permanently with authority to conduct investigations and receive or initiate complaints concerning any judge of a court of the judicial system of this state. The commission shall file a complaint with the Court of the Judiciary in the event that a majority of the members of the commission decide that a reasonable basis exists, (1) to charge a judge with violation of any Canon of Judicial Ethics, misconduct in office, failure to perform his or her duties, or (2) to charge that the judge is physically or mentally unable to perform his or her duties. All proceedings of the commission shall be confidential except the filing of a complaint with the Court of the Judiciary. The commission shall prosecute the complaints.

(d) The commission shall have subpoena power and authority to appoint and direct its staff. Members of the commission who are not judges shall receive per diem compensation and necessary expenses; members who are judges shall receive necessary expenses only. The Legislature shall appropriate funds for the operation of the commission.

Section 157: Court of the Judiciary

(a) The Court of the Judiciary is created consisting of one judge of an appellate court, other than the Supreme Court, who shall be selected by the Supreme Court and shall serve as Chief Judge of the Court of the Judiciary; two judges of the circuit court, who shall be selected by the Circuit Judges' Association; and one district judge who shall be selected by the District Judges' Association. Other members of the Court of the Judiciary shall consist of two members of the state bar, who shall be selected by the governing body of the Alabama State Bar; two persons who are not lawyers who shall be appointed by the Governor; and one person appointed by the Lieutenant Governor. Members appointed by the Governor and Lieutenant Governor shall be subject to Senate confirmation before serving. Provided, however, that on January 1, 2005, the appointment authority granted to the Lieutenant Governor shall revert to the Governor and the Governor shall thereafter be entitled to appoint three persons who are not lawyers, subject to Senate confirmation. The court shall be convened to hear complaints filed by the Judicial Inquiry Commission. The court shall have authority, after notice and public hearing (1) to remove from office, suspend without pay, or censure a judge, or apply such other sanction as may prescribedby law, for violation of a Canon of Judicial Ethics, misconduct in office, failure to perform his or her duties, or (2) to suspend with or without pay, or to retire a judge who is physically or mentally unable to perform his or her duties.

(b) A judge aggrieved by a decision of the Court of the Judiciary may appeal to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court shall review the record of the proceedings on the law and the facts.

(d) The Court of the Judiciary shall have power to issue subpoenas. The Legislature shall provide by law for the expenses of the court.

Section 158: Impeachment provisions in Article VII, Section 173 to apply to Supreme Court Justices and appellate judges

In addition to the authority conferred on the Court of the Judiciary in Section 6.18 [§ 157 ], the provisions for impeachment in Article VII, Section 173 , shall also apply to Justices of the Supreme Court and Judges of the Courts of Appeals. No proceeding for impeachment under Article VII, Section 173 , may proceed or be initiated against a judge while the same charge or subject matter is under consideration by the Judicial Inquiry Commission or the Court of the Judiciary. A finding of lack of probable cause or a termination of proceeding without a finding of wrongdoing by either the Judicial Inquiry Commission or the Court of the Judiciary shall constitute a complete defense to proceedings of impeachment under Article VII, Section 173 , and shall bar all further proceedings of impeachment as to the same charge or subject matter. No justice or judge who has been tried before the Court of the Judiciary shall be subject to impeachment on the same charge or subject matter. No conduct that occurred prior to the effective date of this amendment may be the basis of a proceeding of impeachment under this section. No proceeding in impeachment under this section may be initiated without the verification, under oath, of at least 12 members of the House of Representatives as to the factual basis of the charge under which the article of impeachment is preferred. No article of impeachment shall be passed upon less than two-thirds majority of the House of Representatives and no conviction of impeachment shall be had upon less than two-thirds majority of the Senate under this section. Dissatisfaction with the ruling of a judge or justice shall not be a ground upon which impeachment under this section may proceed.

Section 159: Disqualification

A judge shall be disqualified from acting as a judge, without loss of salary, while there is pending (1) an indictment or an information charging him in the United States with a crime punishable as a felony under a state or federal law, or (2) a complaint against him filed by the judicial inquiry commission with the court of the judiciary.

Section 160: District attorneys, clerks, court revenue

(a) A district attorney for each judicial circuit shall be elected by the qualified electors of those counties in such circuit. Such district attorney shall be licensed to practice law in this state and shall, at the time of his election and during his continuance in office, reside in his circuit. His term of office shall be for six years and he shall receive such compensation as provided by law. Vacancies in the office of district attorney and in his staff shall be filled as provided by law.

(b) Clerks of the circuit courts shall be elected by the qualified electors in each county for a term of six years. If the office of register in chancery continues to be provided by law then the clerk of the circuit court may also fill such office in a manner prescribed by law. Vacancies in the office of clerk of the circuit court shall be filled by the judge or judges of the circuit court who have jurisdiction over the county in which the office of clerk of the circuit court is located.

(c) Persons elected to the position of constable to assist the courts of the state as provided by law shall be subject to the same restrictions, rights and limitations as are specified in section 280 of the Constitution of 1901, and no law shall prohibit the receipt of fees for the performance of official duties of said position while holding any other elected or appointed office.

(d) The revenue from fines, forfeitures and court costs produced in district courts from the exercise of jurisdiction under municipal ordinances shall be apportioned between the municipality and the state as shall be provided by law.

Section 161: Continuation of courts, district attorneys, clerks

(a) All courts not herein authorized which are in existence at the time this article becomes effective shall retain their powers for four years, unless sooner terminated by act of the legislature.

(b) All judges of the supreme court, court of criminal appeals, court of civil appeals and circuit courts shall retain their offices for the remainder of their respective terms.

(c) All justices of the supreme court in office when this article becomes effective shall be justices of the supreme court. All judges of the court of criminal appeals shall be judges of the court of criminal appeals. All judges of the court of civil appeals shall be judges of the court of civil appeals. All circuit judges in office when this article becomes effective shall be judges of the circuit courts. All city judges who are in office when this article becomes effective shall continue to be judges of their respective courts. All present city courts shall continue to function as provided by law for four years.

(d) All judges of any court in this state, excepting the supreme court, court of criminal appeals, court of civil appeals, circuit courts, probate courts, and city courts, whose salaries or compensation are paid by their respective counties, who are qualified under the provisions of this article, and who are holding office at the time of the approval of this constitutional amendment by the legislature and on the date of the establishment of the district court, shall be commissioned judges of the district court. Each such judge, accepting commission as a district judge, shall serve an initial term lasting until the first Monday after the second Tuesday in January following the next general election after he has completed three years in office as a district judge. At such election said judicial office shall be filled for a full term of office beginning at the end of the term for which such judge was commissioned.

(e) In the event a city ceases to have a city or municipal court, all judges of any city court in this state in cities which have more than one such judge at the time of approval of this constitutional amendment by the legislature and on the date of the establishment of the district court, if otherwise qualified under the provisions of this article, shall be commissioned judges of the district court. Each such judge accepting commission as a district judge shall serve an initial term lasting until the first Monday after the second Tuesday in January following the next general election after he has completed three years in office as a district judge. At such election said judicial office shall be filled for a full term of office beginning at the end of the term for which such judge was commissioned.

(f) All district attorneys of any circuit of this state, who are qualified under the provisions of this article, and who are holding office at the time of the approval of this constitutional amendment by the electors of the state, shall retain their offices for the remainder of their respective terms.

(g) All clerks of the circuit court of this state, who are holding office at the time of the approval of this constitutional amendment by the electors of the state, shall retain their offices for the remainder of their respective terms.

(h) Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this article, all provisions of law and rules of court in force on the effective date of this article shall continue in effect until superseded in the manner authorized by the Constitution.

Section 162: Designation of Circuit Solicitor as District Attorney

The solicitor or prosecuting officer who prosecutes criminal cases for the state in each judicial circuit of Alabama as provided for in article 6, section 167 of this Constitution shall hereafter be designated and known as the district attorney. Wherever the words circuit solicitor or words of like import are used in any law of this state they shall be taken to mean the district attorney, unless the context in which such words are used requires a different meaning.

Section 163: Reserved

Section 164: Reserved

Section 165: Reserved

Section 166: Reserved

Section 167: Reserved

Section 168: Reserved

Section 169: Reserved

Section 170: Reserved

Section 171: Reserved

Section 172: Reserved

Article VII: Impeachments

Section 173: Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, State Auditor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, members of the State Board of Education, Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries, and justices of supreme court

(a) The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, State Auditor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, members of the State Board of Education, Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries, and justices of the supreme court may be removed from office for willful neglect of duty, corruption in office, incompetency, or intemperance in the use of intoxicating liquors or narcotics to such an extent, in view of the dignity of the office and importance of its duties, as unfits the officer for the discharge of such duties for any offense involving moral turpitude while in office, or committed under color thereof, or connected therewith.

(b) The House of Representatives shall present articles or charges of impeachment against those persons identified in subsection (a), specifying the cause to the Senate.

(c) The Senate, sitting as a court of impeachment, shall take testimony under oath on articles or charges preferred by the House of Representatives.

(d) The Lieutenant Governor shall preside over the Senate when sitting as a court of impeachment, provided, however, that if the Governor or Lieutenant Governor is impeached, the Chief Justice, or if the Chief Justice be absent or disqualified, then one of the associate justices of the supreme court, to be selected by the court, shall preside over the Senate when sitting as a court of impeachment. No person may be convicted by the Senate sitting as a court of impeachment without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.

(e) If at any time when the Legislature is not in session, a majority of all the members elected to the House of Representatives shall certify in writing to the Secretary of State their desire to meet to consider the impeachment of the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, or other officer administering the office of Governor, it shall be the duty of the Secretary of State immediately to notify the Speaker of the House who, within 10 days after receipt of the notice, shall summon the members of the House to assemble at the capitol on a day to be fixed by the Speaker, but not later than 15 days after receipt of the notice by the Speaker from the Secretary of State, to consider the impeachment of the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, or other officer administering the office of Governor.

(f) If the House of Representatives prefers articles of impeachment, the Speaker of the House shall forthwith notify the Lieutenant Governor, unless he or she is the officer impeached, in which event the President Pro Tempore of the Senate shall be notified, who shall summon the members of the Senate to assemble at the capitol on a specified day not later than 10 days after receipt of the notice from the Speaker of the House, for the purpose of hearing and trying the articles of impeachment against the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, or other officer administering the office of Governor, as may be preferred by the House of Representatives.

Section 174: Judges of the district and circuit courts, judges of the probate courts, judges of courts from which appeal may be taken directly to supreme court, district attorneys, and sheriffs

The judges of the district and circuit courts, judges of the probate courts, and judges of other courts from which an appeal may be taken directly to the supreme court, district attorneys, and sheriffs, may be removed from office for any of the causes specified in Section 173 or elsewhere in this constitution, by the supreme court, or under such regulations as may be prescribed by rule of the Supreme Court of Alabama or law. The Legislature may provide for the impeachment or removal of other officers than those named in this article.

Section 175: County officers, and officers of an incorporated city or town

A county officer and officer of an incorporated city or town may be tried for impeachment for any of the causes specified in Section 173 and upon conviction be removed from office by a court having jurisdiction to try felony cases in the county or circuit in which the officer holds his or her office. The Legislature shall provide by law the method of proceeding under this section, provided the right to trial by jury and appeal in such cases shall be secured.

Section 176: Limitation on impeachment penalties; accused person liable to indictment and punishment

The penalties in cases arising under this article [does] not extend beyond removal from office, and disqualifications from holding office, under the authority of this state, for the term for which the officer was elected or appointed; but the accused shall be liable to indictment and punishment as prescribed by law.

Article VIII: Suffrage and Elections

Section 177: Suffrage and elections

(a) Only a citizen of the United States who has attained the age of eighteen years and has resided in this state and in a county thereof for the time provided by law, if registered as provided by law, shall have the right to vote in the county of his or her residence. The Legislature may prescribe reasonable and nondiscriminatory requirements as prerequisites to registration for voting. The Legislature shall, by statute, prescribe a procedure by which eligible citizens can register to vote.

(b) No person convicted of a felony involving moral turpitude, or who is mentally incompetent, shall be qualified to vote until restoration of civil and political rights or removal of disability.

(c) The Legislature shall by law provide for the registration of voters, absentee voting, secrecy in voting, the administration of elections, and the nomination of candidates.

Section 178: Reserved

Section 179: Reserved

Section 180: Reserved

Section 181: Reserved

Section 182: Reserved

Section 183: Reserved

Section 184: Reserved

Section 185: Reserved

Section 186: Reserved

Section 187: Reserved

Section 188: Reserved

Section 189: Reserved

Section 190: Reserved

Section 191: Reserved

Section 192: Reserved

Section 193: Reserved

Section 194: Reserved

Section 195: Reserved

Section 196: Reserved

Article IX: Representation

Section 197: Ratio of senators to representatives

The whole number of senators shall be not less than one-fourth or more than one-third of the whole number of representatives.

Section 198: Maximum number of members of House of Representatives; apportionment of house based on decennial census of United States

The house of representatives shall consist of not more than one hundred and five members, unless new counties shall be created, in which event each new county shall be entitled to one representative. The members of the house of representatives shall be apportioned by the legislature among the several counties of the state, according to the number of inhabitants in them, respectively, as ascertained by the decennial census of the United States, which apportionment, when made, shall not be subject to alteration until the next session of the legislature after the next decennial census of the United States shall have been taken.

Section 199: Duty of Legislature to fix number of representatives and apportion them among counties following each decennial census; each county entitled to at least one representative

It shall be the duty of the legislature at its first session after the taking of the decennial census of the United States in the year nineteen hundred and ten, and after each subsequent decennial census, to fix by law the number of representatives and apportion them among the several counties of the state, according to the number of inhabitants in them, respectively; provided, that each county shall be entitled to at least one representative.

Section 200: Duty of Legislature to fix number of senators and divide state into senatorial districts; equality of senatorial districts; senatorial districts not to be changed until next apportioning session; division of counties between senatorial districts prohibited; counties within senatorial districts to be contiguous

It shall be the duty of the legislature at its first session after taking of the decennial census of the United States in the year nineteen hundred and ten, and after each subsequent decennial census, to fix by law the number of senators, and to divide the state into as many senatorial districts as there are senators, which districts shall be as nearly equal to each other in the number of inhabitants as may be, and each shall be entitled to one senator, and no more; and such districts, when formed, shall not be changed until the next apportioning session of the legislature, after the next decennial census of the United States shall have been taken; provided, that counties created after the next preceding apportioning session of the legislature may be attached to senatorial districts. No county shall be divided between two districts, and no district shall be made up of two or more counties not contiguous to each other.

Section 201: State may provide for enumeration of inhabitants for purpose of apportionment of representatives and senators

Should any decennial census of the United States not be taken, or if when taken, the same, as to this state, be not full and satisfactory, the legislature shall have the power at its first session after the time shall have elapsed for the taking of said census, to provide for an enumeration of all the inhabitants of this state, upon which it shall be the duty of the legislature to make the apportionment of representatives and senators as provided for in this article.

Section 202: Reserved

Section 203: Reserved

Article X: Exemptions

Section 204: Personal property of value of one thousand dollars exempt from sale, execution or other process of court issued for collection of debt

The personal property of any resident of this state to the value of one thousand dollars, to be selected by such resident, shall be exempt from sale or execution, or other process of any court, issued for the collection of any debt contracted since the thirteenth day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight or after the ratification of this Constitution.

Section 205: Homestead not exceeding eighty acres or city, town or village lot not exceeding two thousand dollars in value exempt from sale, execution or other process of court issued for collection of debt; exception as to mortgages

Every homestead not exceeding eighty acres, and the dwelling and appurtenances thereon, to be selected by the owner thereof, and not in any city, town, or village, or in lieu thereof, at the option of the owner, any lot in a city, town, or village, with the dwelling and appurtenances thereon owned and occupied by any resident of this state, and not exceeding the value of two thousand dollars, shall be exempt from sale on execution or any other process from a court; for any debt contracted since the thirteenth day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, or after the ratification of this Constitution. Such exemption, however, shall not extend to any mortgage lawfully obtained, but such mortgage or other alienation of said homestead by the owner thereof, if a married man, shall not be valid without the voluntary signature and assent of the wife to the same.

Section 206: Homestead of family exempt from payments of debt after death of owner during minority of children

The homestead of a family, after the death of the owner thereof, shall be exempt from the payment of any debts contracted since the thirteenth day of July, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight, or after the ratification of this Constitution, in all cases, during the minority of the children.

Section 207: Laborers' liens and mechanics' liens not barred by sections 204 and 205

The provisions of sections 204 and 205 of this Constitution shall not be so construed as to prevent a laborers' lien for work done and performed for the person claiming such exemption, or a mechanics' lien for work done on the premises.

Section 208: Homestead exempt upon death of owner, leaving widow, but no children

If the owner of a homestead die, leaving a widow, but no children, such homestead shall be exempt, and the rents and profits thereof shall inure to her benefit.

Section 209: Property rights of females; property of wife not liable for debts, etc., of husband

The real and personal property of any female in this state, acquired before marriage, and all property, real and personal, to which she may afterwards be entitled by gift, grant, inheritance, or devise, shall be and remain the separate estate and property of such female, and shall not be liable for any debts, obligations, or engagements of her husband, and may be devised or bequeathed by her, the same as if she were a femme sole.

Section 210: Waiver of right of exemption

The right of exemption hereinbefore secured may be waived by an instrument in writing, and when such waiver relates to realty, the instrument must be signed by both the husband and the wife, and attested by one witness.

Article XI: Taxation and Finance

Section 211: Property taxes to be assessed in exact proportion to value of property

All taxes levied on property in this state shall be assessed in exact proportion to the value of such property, but no tax shall be assessed upon any debt for rent or hire of real or personal property, while owned by the landlord or hirer during the current year of such rental or hire, if such real or personal property be assessed at its full value.

Section 211.01: Income taxes

The legislature shall have the power to levy and collect taxes for state purposes on net incomes from whatever source derived within this state, including the incomes derived from salaries, fees and compensation paid from the state, county, municipality, and any agency or creature thereof, for the calendar year, 1933, and thereafter and to designate and define the incomes to be taxed and to fix the rates of taxes, provided that the rate shall not exceed 5 percent nor 3 percent on corporations. Income shall not be deemed property for purposes of ad valorem taxes. From net income an exemption of not less than fifteen hundred dollars ($1,500.00) shall be allowed to unmarried per- sons and an exemption of not less than three thousand dollars ($3,000.00) shall be allowed to the head of a family, provided that only one exemption shall be allowed to husband and wife where they are living together and make separate returns for income tax. An exemption of not less than three hundred dollars ($300.00) shall be allowed for each dependent member of the family of an income tax payer under the age of 18 years. The legislature shall reduce the ad valorem tax from time to time when and to such an amount as the revenue derived from the income tax will justify. In the event the legislature levies an income tax, such tax must be levied upon the salaries, income, fees, or other compensation of state, county and municipal officers and employees, on the same basis as such income taxes are levied upon other persons. All income derived from such tax shall be held in trust for the payment of the floating debt of Alabama until all debts due on Oct. 1st, 1932, are paid and thereafter used exclusively for the reduction of state ad valorem taxes.

Section 211.02: Disposition of income tax; exemption of homesteads from state ad valorem tax

Section A. The entire proceeds of the income tax in the treasury of the state of Alabama on September 30, 1947, including cash and investments and the interest thereon, shall be used for the following purposes and in the following manner: 1st. The sum of $12,249,860.00 shall be and is hereby set aside and shall be and is hereby constituted an irrevocable trust fund for the purpose of paying the principal of and interest on the bonds issued by the state of Alabama commonly known as "income tax bonds," being the warrant refunding bonds issued to fund the floating debt existing October 1, 1932, which bonds were issued under the authority of Act No. 14 approved February 5, 1935 [Acts 1935, p. 27], and Act No. 50 approved February 8, 1935 [Acts 1935, p. 118]. 2nd. An amount (approximately $6,700,000.00) which, when added to the sinking fund (approximately $1,857,000.00) heretofore created to pay the bonds issued by the state of Alabama, commonly known as the "old bonded debt" and as "carpet bag bonds" together with the interest on said sinking fund accrued on September 30, 1947, shall equal the principal of said bonds in the sum of $8,557,000.00, shall be and is hereby set aside, and together with said sinking fund and the interest thereon, shall be and is hereby constituted an irrevocable trust fund for the purpose of paying the principal of said bonds upon their maturity, said bonds being the class A renewal bonds, class C renewal bonds and funding renewal bonds. That both of the irrevocable trust funds herein created shall be invested in United States government securities by the treasurer of the state of Alabama with the approval of the governor. 3rd. The residue shall be paid over to the building commission created by Act 128 of 1945 General Acts [p. 116] to be expended by said building commission for capital outlay only for educational purposes, provided, however, that not more than twelve per centum of such amount shall be allocated to the institutions of higher learning including the state teachers colleges, and not less than eightyeight per centum shall be allocated to county and city boards of education on an actual teacher unit basis in accordance with the minimum school program.

Section B. Beginning October 1, 1947, and thereafter, all net proceeds of such tax, plus the earnings from investment of the trust funds, must be used only in the manner and in the order following:

(1) To replace the revenue lost to the several funds of the state by reason of the exemption of homesteads from the state ad valorem tax. All homesteads in Alabama are hereby declared to be exempt from all state ad valorem tax to the extent of at least $2,000.00 in assessed value and a sufficient amount is hereby appropriated from the proceeds of the income tax in each fiscal year to replace the revenue lost to the several funds of the state by reason of the homestead exemption herein declared;

(2) The residue shall be placed in the state treasury to the credit of the Alabama special education trust fund to be used for the payment of public school teachers salaries only.

Section C. This amendment supersedes the provisions of amendment XXV [25] (article XXII) [Article XI, § 211.01 ] relating to the disposition of the income tax proceeds insofar as the same are in conflict herewith. All laws relating to the income tax, not in conflict herewith and valid on the date of the ratification of this amendment, are hereby validated and confirmed. The provisions hereof with respect to the creation of funds and the use thereof are declared to be self-executing.

Section 211.03: State tax on net income of corporations

The legislature shall have power to levy and provide for the collection of taxes for state purposes on taxable income of corporations, from whatever source derived, for the calendar year 1963, or for any fiscal year beginning in the calendar year 1963, and each year thereafter, at a rate not exceeding five percent. However, the rate shall be six and one-half percent on taxable income of corporations for the calendar year 2001, or for any fiscal year beginning in the calendar year 2001, and each year thereafter. All federal income taxes paid or accrued within the taxable year by corporations shall always be deductible in computing income taxable under the income tax laws of this state, provided that in the case of foreign corporations the amount of federal income tax deductible shall be in proportion to income derived from sources within Alabama, to be determined in accordance with such laws as the legislature may enact. The increase in the corporate income tax rate to six and one-half percent provided by this amendment shall be self-executing and shall require no enabling legislation.

Section 211.04: Deduction of federal income tax from gross income when computing state income tax

In computing net income for state income tax purposes for the calendar year 1965 and each year thereafter, a resident individual taxpayer shall be allowed to deduct from his gross income the amount of federal income tax paid or accrued within the taxable year. A nonresident individual income taxpayer shall be allowed to deduct only that amount of federal income tax paid or accrued in the taxable year on income received from sources within the state.

Section 212: Power to levy taxes not to be delegated

The power to levy taxes shall not be delegated to individuals or private corporations or associations.

Section 213: Creation of state debt after ratification of Constitution; temporary loans; refunding bonds for existing indebtedness; payment of interest on certain outstanding and unpaid state warrants; sinking fund for payment of floating indebtedness; warrants not to be drawn on state treasury unless money available for payment; un- paid appropriations for which money unavailable at end of fiscal year

After the ratification of this Constitution, no new debt shall be created against, or incurred by the state, or its authority except to repel invasion or suppress insurrection, and then only by a concurrence of two-thirds of the members of each house of the legislature, and the vote shall be taken by yeas and nays and entered on the journals; provided, the governor may be authorized to negotiate temporary loans, never to exceed three hundred thousand dollars, to meet the deficiencies in the treasury, and until the same is paid no new loan shall be negotiated; (provided, further, that this section shall not be so construed as to prevent the issuance of bonds for the purpose of refunding the existing bonded indebtedness of the state. Provided, further, that this section shall not be construed as to prevent the governor from paying interest at the rate of not exceeding 5% per annum payable semi- annually from July 1, 1933, on the floating indebtedness of the state at the close of business on September 30, 1932, as shown by outstanding and unpaid warrants drawn on the treasury, as provided by law, amounting in the aggregate to $16,943,357.12 and items enumerated in an act of the legislature number 294, being senate bill 272, approved November 9, 1932 [Acts 1932, Ex. Sess., p. 298], all of which are hereby ratified and confirmed.) All warrants and/or instruments issued or to be issued representing such indebtedness shall be a direct obligation of the state, and for the prompt and faithful payment of the principal and interest thereon, the full faith and credit of the state is hereby irrevocably pledged, and such warrants and/or instruments shall be exempt forever from all taxes of every kind. Any act creating or incurring any new debt against the state, except as herein provided for, shall be absolutely void. To create a sinking fund for the prompt and faithful payment of the floating indebtedness of the state, and interest thereon, the net proceeds of any income tax which may be levied by the legislature pursuant to law is hereby pledged. To prevent further deficits in the state treasury, it shall be unlawful from and after the adoption of this amendment for the state comptroller of the state of Alabama to draw any warrant or other order for the payment of money belonging to, or administered by, the state of Alabama upon the state treasurer, unless there is in the hand of such treasurer money appropriated and available for the full payment of the same. In case there is, at the end of any fiscal year, insufficient money in the state treasury for the payment of all proper claims presented to the state comptroller for the issuance of warrants, the comptroller shall issue warrants for that proportion of each such claim which the money available for the payment of all said claims bears to the whole, and such warrants for such prorated sums shall thereupon be paid by the state treasurer. At the end of each fiscal year all unpaid appropriations which exceed the amount of money in the state treasury subject to the payment of the same after the proration above provided for, shall thereupon become null and void to the extent of such excess. Any person violating any of the provisions of this amendment shall, on conviction, be punished by a fine of not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment in the penitentiary for not more than two years, one or both, at the discretion of the jury trying the same, and the violation of any provisions of this amendment shall also be ground for impeachment.

Docks and Waterway Improvements

Educational Institutions

Hospitals and Mental Health Facilities

Parks and Recreation Facilities

Prisons

Other Purposes

Streets, Highways, and Bridges

Article XII: Corporations

Municipal Corporations

Private Corporations

Railroads and Canals

Article XIII: Banks and Banking

Section 247: Authority of Legislature

(a) The Legislature shall not have the power to establish or incorporate any bank or banking company or moneyed institution for the purpose of issuing bills of credit or bills payable to order or bearer, except under the conditions prescribed in this Constitution. No bank shall be established otherwise than under a general banking law.

(b) There shall be no limit of time for the duration of a corporation organized as a bank or banking company, and it shall not be necessary to renew or extend the life or charter of any such corporation now existing. All extensions of the life or charter of any such corporations are ratified and confirmed.

(c) Neither the state, nor any political subdivision thereof, shall be a stockholder in any bank, nor shall the credit of the state or any political subdivision thereof be given or lent to any banking company, banking association, or banking corporation.

(d) The Legislature, by appropriate laws, shall provide for the examination, by some public officer, of all banks and banking institutions and trust companies engaged in banking business in this state; and each of such banks and banking companies or institutions, through its president, or such other officer as the Legislature may designate, shall make a report under oath of its resources and liabilities at least twice a year.

Section 248: Reserved

Section 249: Reserved

Section 250: Reserved

Section 251: Reserved

Section 252: Reserved

Section 253: Reserved

Section 254: Reserved

Section 255: Applicability of article

The provisions of this article shall apply to all banks except national banks, and to all trust companies and individuals doing a banking business, whether incorporated or not.

Article XIV: Education

Section 256: Educational policy of state; authority of legislature to provide for or authorize establishment and operation of schools by persons, municipalities, etc.; grant, donation, sale or lease of funds and property for educational purposes; election of certain schools for attendance by parents of minors

It is the policy of the state of Alabama to foster and promote the education of its citizens in a manner and extent consistent with its available resources, and the willingness and ability of the individual student, but nothing in this Constitution shall be construed as creating or recognizing any right to education or training at public expense, nor as limiting the authority and duty of the legislature.

The legislature may by law provide for or authorize the establishment and operation of schools by such persons, agencies or municipalities, at such places, and upon such conditions as it may prescribe, and for the grant or loan of public funds and the lease, sale or donation of real or personal property to or for the benefit of citizens of the state for educational purposes under such circumstances and upon such conditions as it shall prescribe. Real property owned by the state or any municipality shall not be donated for educational purposes except to nonprofit charitable or eleemosynary corporations or associations organized under the laws of the state.

Section 257: Principal from sale, etc., of school property to be preserved; disposition of income therefrom

The principal of all funds arising from the sale or other disposition of lands or other property, which has been or may hereafter be granted or entrusted to this state or given by the United States for educational purposes shall be preserved inviolate and undiminished; and the income arising therefrom shall be faithfully applied to the specific object of the original grants or appropriations.

Section 258: Property donated or appropriated for educational purposes and estates of persons dying without will or heirs to be applied to furtherance of education

All lands or other property given by individuals, or appropriated by the state for educational purposes, and all estates of deceased persons who die without leaving a will or heir, shall be used or applied to the furtherance of education.

Section 259: Reserved

Section 260: Certain income to be applied to support and furtherance of education; special annual tax for education; maximum annual levy on taxable property; priority for payment of bonded indebtedness of state; proceeds of certain taxes to be used for support and furtherance of education

The income arising from the sixteenth section trust fund, the surplus revenue fund, until it is called for by the United States government, and the funds enumerated in sections 257 and 258 of this Constitution, together with a special annual tax of thirty cents on each one hundred dollars of taxable property in this state, which the legislature shall levy, shall be applied to the support and furtherance of education, and it shall be the duty of the legislature to increase the educational fund from time to time as the necessity therefor and the condition of the treasury and the resources of the state may justify; provided, that nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to authorize the legislature to levy in any one year a greater rate of state taxation for all purposes, including schools, than sixty-five cents on each one hundred dollars' worth of taxable property; and provided further, that nothing herein contained shall prevent the legislature from first providing for the payment of the bonded indebtedness of the state and interest thereon out of all the revenue of the state.

Except as they may be specifically set aside in trust funds or otherwise applied to the payment of indebtedness, all proceeds of income or other taxes levied by the state, and of all special ad valorem or other taxes levied by counties and other municipalities, or school districts, pursuant to the Constitution as heretofore amended, for public school purposes, shall be applied to the support and furtherance of education pursuant to section 256 of the Constitution, as amended.

Section 260.01: Reserved

Section 260.02: Education Trust Fund Rainy Day Account

Section I. Amendment 709 to the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, now appearing as Section 260.01 of the Official Recompilation of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, as amended, is hereby repealed.

Section II. As used in this amendment, the following words and phrases shall have the following respective meanings:

"Alabama Trust Fund" means the irrevocable, permanent trust fund created by Amendment No. 450 to the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, now appearing as Section 219.02 of the Official Recompilation of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, as amended.

"Education Trust Fund Rainy Day Account" or "General Fund Rainy Day Account" means the special accounts created by this amendment.

"Oil and Gas Capital Payment" means any payment (including any royalty payment) received by the state or any agency or instrumentality thereof as all or part of the consideration for the sale, leasing, or other disposition by the state or any agency or instrumentality thereof of any right to explore and drill for or to produce oil, gas, or other hydrocarbon minerals in any area on the water side of the high water mark of Mobile Bay or in any other offshore area and shall include any revenue by the state from federal oil and gas leases off the coast of Alabama. Any royalty or other payment, with the exception of any taxes heretofore or hereafter levied, that is based upon or determined with respect to the production of oil, gas or other hydrocarbon minerals and that is paid to the state or any agency or instrumentality thereof, regardless of the time of such payment, shall be considered an oil and gas capital payment.

Section III.

(a) Within thirty days following ratification of this constitutional amendment there shall be created within the Alabama Trust Fund the Education Trust Fund Rainy Day Account and the General Fund Rainy Day Account. In any year in which the Governor certifies to the state comptroller and notifies the Legislature that proration would occur in appropriations from the Education Trust Fund or the State General Fund, the Education Trust Fund Rainy Day Account or the General Fund Rainy Day Account shall be credited with Oil and Gas Capital Payments previously transferred into the Alabama Trust Fund in the amount required to fund withdrawals from the Account of the amounts authorized by this section. However, the amount withdrawn from the Education Trust Fund Rainy Day Account in a fiscal year may not exceed six and one-half percent of the previous fiscal year's Education Trust Fund appropriations less the total amount of any prior years' withdrawals from the Account which have not been repaid to the Account, as provided for in subsections (b), (c), and (e). The amount withdrawn from the General Fund Rainy Day Account in a fiscal year may not exceed ten percent of the previous fiscal year's General Fund appropriations less the total amount of any prior years' withdrawals from the Account which have not beenrepaid to the Account, as provided for in subsections (b), (c), and (e). Funds from the Education Trust Fund or the General Fund Rainy Day Account may be withdrawn only to prevent proration of the appropriations from the Education Trust Fund or the General Fund. For the fiscal year beginning October 1, 2008, withdrawals shall be limited to an amount necessary to reach the highest estimated available revenue for each Fund as certified by the Finance Director and the Legislative Fiscal Officer prior to the end of the 2008 Regular Legislative Session. Beginning in the fiscal year beginning October 1, 2009, withdrawals from the Education Trust Fund Rainy Day Account and the General Fund Rainy Day Account shall be limited to an amount necessary to reach the average of the estimated available revenue for each Fund which is to be certified by the Finance Director and the Legislative Fiscal Officer prior to the third legislative day of each Regular Session. The Governor shall certify to the state comptroller and notify the Legislature that proration would occur in appropriations from the Education Trust Fund or the General Fund in accordance with this constitution. Upon the certification by the Governor, and after all other sources available to be used to offset proration have been utilized, withdrawals from the Education Trust Fund Rainy Day Account or the General Fund Rainy Day Account may be made; however, withdrawals shall be limited to the amount of the anticipated proration and funds allotted only to the extent necessary to avoid proration of appropriations from the Education Trust Fund or the General Fund as limited by this section. In the event funds are withdrawn from the Education Trust Fund or the General Fund Rainy Day Account an additional amount equal to twenty-five percent of the Education Trust Fund or the General Fund transfer amount shall be transferred from the Alabama Trust Fund to the County and Municipal Government Capital Improvement Fund.

(b) The Finance Director shall ensure that if during the fiscal year, receipts to the Education Trust Fund or the General Fund (net of the Education Trust Fund or the General Fund Rainy Day Account payments) are sufficient to reduce anticipated proration which has been certified by the Governor to the state comptroller and for which funds have been withdrawn, then the amount corresponding to the reduced anticipated proration percentage shall be transferred back to the Education Trust Fund or the General Fund Rainy Day Account within the Alabama Trust Fund within thirty days after the end of the fiscal year in which the withdrawals were made. Any amount transferred back to the Education Trust Fund or the General Fund Rainy Day Account shall necessitate a transfer of an additional amount equal to twenty-five percent of that amount from the County and Municipal Government Capital Improvement Fund into the Education Trust Fund or the General Fund Rainy Day Account within the Alabama Trust Fund.

(c) The Legislature may provide by statute for the replenishment of the Education Trust Fund or the General Fund Rainy Day Account within the Alabama Trust Fund from sources other than the Alabama Trust Fund or Oil and Gas Capital Payments. The earnings from the investment of funds due to the replenishment shall be deposited into the State General Fund.

(d) The allocations to the Alabama Capital Improvement Trust Fund and to the County and Municipal Government Capital Improvement Fund as provided in Amendment 666 to the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, now appearing as Section 219.04 of the Official Recompilation of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, as amended, shall not be diminished by the application of this amendment.

(e) The Legislature must replenish the accounts within six (6) years after withdrawal of any funds from the Education Trust Fund Rainy Day Account and within ten (10) years after withdrawal of any funds from the General Fund Rainy Day Account pursuant to the provisions of this amendment. After the complete replenishment of the Education Trust Fund or the General Fund Rainy Day Account, any excess funds shall be designated to repay any lost interest earnings to the trust established under Amendment 543 to the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, now appearing as Section 219.07 of the Official Recompilation of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, as amended, due to any withdrawal from the Education Trust Fund or the General Fund Rainy Day Account.

Section 261: Percentage of school funds for teachers' salaries

Not more than four per cent. of all moneys raised or which may hereafter be appropriated for the support of public schools, shall be used or expended otherwise than for the payment of teachers employed in such schools; provided, that the legislature may, by a vote of two-thirds of each house, suspend the operation of this section.

Section 262: Selection, Qualifications, Powers, Duties and Tenure of State Board of Education and Superintendent of Education

1. General supervision of the public schools in Alabama shall be vested in a state board of education, which shall be elected in such manner as the legislature may provide.

2. The chief state school officer shall be the state superintendent of education, who shall be appointed by the state board of education and serve at its pleasure. The authority and duties of the superintendent of education shall be determined by the state board of education according to such regulations as the legislature may prescribe. The superintendent of education shall receive an annual salary which shall be fixed by the legislature of Alabama and shall be paid from the state treasury in installments as the salaries of other state officers are paid.

3. The legislature shall enact appropriate laws to implement or enforce this article of amendment.

4. The provisions of article V and XIV of the Constitution of Alabama as amended in conflict with this article are expressly repealed. However, this amendment shall not be so construed as to effect the election or term of the state superintendent of education chosen before it becomes valid as a part of the Constitution.

Section 263: School funds not to be used for support of sectarian or denominational schools

No money raised for the support of the public schools shall be appropriated to or used for the support of any sectarian or denominational school.

Section 264: Board of trustees of state university

The state university shall be under the management and control of a board of trustees, which shall consist of two members from each congressional district in the state as constituted on January 1, 2018, an additional member from the congressional district which includes the site of the first campus of the university, and the governor, who shall be ex officio president of the board. The members of the board of trustees as now constituted shall hold office until their respective terms expire under existing law, and until their successors shall be elected and confirmed as hereinafter required. The additional trustees provided for by this amendment shall be elected by the existing members of the board, and confirmed by the senate in the manner provided below, for initial terms of not more than six years established by the board so that one term shall expire each three years in each congressional district. Successors to the terms of the existing and additional trustees shall hold office for a term of six years, and shall not serve more than three consecutive full six-year terms on the board. Election of additional and successor trustees or of trustees to fill any vacancy created by the expiration of a term or by the death or resignation of any member or from any other cause shall be by the remaining members of the board by secret ballot; provided, that any trustee so elected shall hold office from the date of election until confirmation or rejection by the senate, and, if confirmed, until the expiration of the term for which elected, and until a successor is elected. At every meeting of the legislature the superintendent of education shall certify to the senate the names of all who shall have been so elected since the last session of the legislature, and the senate shall confirm or reject them, as it shall determine is for the best interest of the university. If it rejects the names of any members, it shall thereupon elect trustees in the stead of those rejected. No trustee shall receive any pay or emolument other than his actual expenses incurred in the discharge of his duties as such. Upon the vacation of office by a trustee, the board, if it desires, may bestow upon a trustee the honorary title of trustee emeritus, but such status shall confer no responsibilities, duties, rights, or privileges as such.

Section 265: Annual payment of interest on funds of University of Alabama; authority to abolish military system at university

After the ratification of this Constitution there shall be paid out of the treasury of this state at the time and in the manner provided by law, the sum of not less than thirty-six thousand dollars per annum as interest on the funds of the University of Alabama, heretofore covered into the treasury, for the maintenance and support of said institution; provided, that the legislature shall have the power at any time they deem proper for the best interest of said university to abolish the military system at said institution or reduce the said system to a department of instruction, and that such action on the part of the legislature shall not cause any diminution of the amount of the annual interest payable out of the treasury for the support and maintenance of said university.

Section 266: Board of Trustees of Auburn University

(a) Auburn University shall be under the management and control of a board of trustees. The board of trustees shall consist of one member from each of the congressional districts in the state as the same were constituted on the first day of January, 1961, one member from Lee County, three at-large members who shall be residents of the continental United States, two additional at-large members who shall be residents of the continental United States and who shall enhance the diversity of the board of trustees by reflecting the racial, gender, and economic diversity of the state, and the Governor, who shall be ex officio president of the board.

(b) The trustees from each congressional district, from Lee County, and all at-large trustees, including the two additional at-large members who shall enhance the diversity of the board, shall be appointed by the appointing committee created herein, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The appointment of members to fill a vacated position with a partially expired term of office shall also be made by the appointing committee as provided herein.

(1) The President Pro Tem of the Board of Trustees of Auburn University or the designee of the President Pro Tem. The designee shall be a member of the Board of Trustees of Auburn University.

(2) A member of the Board of Trustees of Auburn University selected by the board of trustees.

(3) Two members of the Auburn Alumni Association Board of Directors, who are not current employees of Auburn University, selected by the Auburn Alumni Association Board of Directors.

(4) The Governor or a designee of the Governor who is an alumnus of Auburn University but who is not a current member of the Auburn Board of Trustees nor a current member of the Auburn Alumni Association Board of Directors nor a current employee of Auburn University.

(d) The Governor, or the designee of the Governor, shall serve as chairperson of the appointing committee. If the chairperson fails to call a meeting within 90 days prior to the expiration of the term of a sitting board member or within 30 days following the creation of a vacancy by death, resignation, or other cause, a majority of the committee, in writing, may call a meeting giving at least 10 days notice. In the absence of the chairperson or another member designated by the chairperson to preside, the majority of the committee shall choose its own chairperson.

(e) When appropriate, the appointing committee shall meet to address the appointment of any of the following:

(1) Persons to fill an expired or soon-to-be expired term of office of any member of the Board of Trustees of Auburn University, including the five at-large positions.

(2) Persons to fill the remainder of a partially expired term of office of any position on the Board of Trustees of Auburn University which has been vacated by reason of death, resignation, or other cause, including the five at-large positions.

(f) The appointing committee, by majority vote, shall appoint an individual to fill the respective position on the board of trustees. The committee shall ensure that appointments are solicited from all constituencies, are inclusive, and reflect the racial, gender, and economic diversity of the state. A person may not be appointed to the Board of Trustees of Auburn University while serving on the appointing committee.

(g) A trustee shall hold office for a term of seven years, and may serve no more than two full seven-year terms of office. Appointment and service for a portion of an unexpired term shall not be considered in applying the two-term limit.

(h) For purposes of ensuring that transitions in board membership occur in a stable manner, if the secretary of the board determines that, as of January 1 of any calendar year, four or more members of the board hold seats the terms for which will expire during that calendar year, then the secretary shall provide written notice to the board of such fact and the term of the trustees whose term would otherwise expire during that subject year shall be adjusted in the following manner: The trustee who was first confirmed to a term expiring in the subject year shall have his or her term extended to the same month and day in the first subsequent year in which there are less than three trustees with terms expiring; if, after making this initial adjustment, there are still four or more trustees with terms expiring during the subject year, then the term of the next trustee or trustees whose terms are to expire during the subject year shall be adjusted, in order of their original confirmation to the term, to expire on the same month and day as their original term but in the next subsequent year or years in which there are less than three trustees with terms expiring that year; term adjustments to the next subsequent year or years in which there are less than three trustees with terms expiring shall occur regardless of whether the expiration is due to an original expiration date or due to an expiration date adjusted under this subsection, but in no case shall the term of more than three trustees expire during the same calendar year; and in making adjustments, the terms of the final three trustees with terms expiring during the subject year shall expire on the originally established dates. For purposes of this subsection, if two or more trustees were confirmed on the same date, then the order of expiration the terms of those trustees shall be determined alphabetically by last name.

(i) Each member of the board of trustees as constituted on December 13, 2000, may serve the remainder of his or her current term and shall be eligible, if otherwise qualified, to serve for no more than two additional seven-year terms.

(j) No person shall be appointed as a member of the board of trustees after having reached 70 years of age.

(k) One more than half of the members of the board shall constitute a quorum, but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day until a quorum is present.

(l) A term shall begin only upon confirmation by the Senate. A member may continue to serve until a successor is confirmed, but in no case for more than one year after completion of a term.

(m) No trustee shall receive any pay or emolument other than his or her actual expenses incurred in the discharge of duties as such.

(n) No employee of Auburn University shall be eligible to serve as a member of the board of trustees.

(o)

(1) The appointing committee shall submit the name of the persons selected for appointment to the Secretary of the Senate, who shall inform the Senate of the receipt of such submission. If the Senate is in regular session at that time, the submission shall be made by the conclusion of the next legislative day following the appointment. If the Senate is not in regular session at the time of appointment, the submission shall be made before the commencement of the next regular session.

(2) If the entire Senate, by a majority vote, confirms the submission, the appointee shall immediately assume office. An appointee may not begin service prior to Senate confirmation.

(3) If the submission is not confirmed by the entire Senate by a majority vote by the conclusion of the legislative session, the submission shall be considered rejected.

(4) A submission to the Senate may be withdrawn at any time by the appointing committee in regard to appointments made by the committee. Upon the rejection of a submission or the withdrawal of a submission, the appointment and confirmation process specified in this amendment shall commence anew.

(p) The same name may be submitted to the Senate for the same position on the board more than one time.

(q) Upon the expiration of a term of office, a member of the board of trustees shall continue to serve until a successor is appointed pursuant to this amendment, is confirmed by the entire Senate by majority vote, and assumes office. If a successor is not confirmed by the conclusion of the regular session in which one or more names for the position were initially submitted, the former holder of the position may continue to serve until a successor is appointed and confirmed, but in no case shall this continuation be longer than one year after completion of the term of office.

(r) If any position on the board of trustees becomes vacant during a term of office by reason of death, resignation, or other cause, a person shall be appointed by the appointing committee to fill the remainder of the unexpired term of office pursuant to the procedure provided for other appointments made by the appointing committee. The position shall be considered vacant until a person is confirmed by a majority vote of the entire Senate.

Section 267: Change of location of Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Alabama Schools for the Deaf and Blind or Alabama Girls Industrial School

The legislature shall not have power to change the location of the state university, or the Alabama Polytechnic Institute, or the Alabama Schools for the Deaf and Blind, or the Alabama Girls' Industrial School, as now established by law, except upon a vote of two-thirds of the legislature taken by yeas and nays and entered upon the journals.

Section 268: Provision for taking school census

The legislature shall provide for taking a school census by townships and districts throughout the state not oftener than once in two years, and shall provide for the punishment of all persons or officers making false or fraudulent enumerations and returns; provided, the state superintendent of education may order and supervise the taking of a new census in any township, district, or county, whenever he may have reasonable cause to believe that false or fraudulent returns have been made.

Section 269: Special county educational taxes

The several counties in this state shall have power to levy and collect a special tax not exceeding ten cents on each one hundred dollars of taxable property in such counties, for the support and furtherance of education in such manner as may be authorized by the legislature; provided, that the rate of such tax, the time it is to continue, and the purpose thereof, shall have been first submitted to a vote of the qualified electors of the county, and voted for by three-fifths of those voting at such election; but the rate of such special tax shall not increase the rate of taxation, state and county combined, in any one year, to more than one dollar and twenty-five cents on each one hundred dollars of taxable property; excluding, however, all special county taxes for public buildings, roads, bridges, and the payment of debts existing at the ratification of the Constitution of eighteen hundred and seventy-five.

Section 269.01: Special county tax for public school purposes

The several counties in the state shall have power to levy and collect a special county tax not exceeding thirty cents on each one hundred dollars worth of taxable property in such counties in addition to that now authorized or that may hereafter be authorized for public school purposes, and in addition to that now authorized under section 260 of article XIV of the Constitution; provided, that the rate of such tax, the time it is to continue and the purpose thereof shall have been first submitted to the vote of the qualified electors of the county, and voted for by a majority of those voting at such election.

Section 269.02: Special district tax for public school purposes

The several school districts of any county in the state shall have power to levy and collect a special district tax not exceeding thirty cents on each one hundred dollars worth of taxable property in such district for public school purposes; provided, that a school district under the meaning of this section shall include incorporated cities or towns, or any school district of which an incorporated city or town is a part, or such other school districts now existing or hereafter formed as may be approved by the county board of education; provided further, that the rate of such tax, the time it is to continue and the purpose thereof shall have been first submitted to the vote of the qualified electors of the district and voted for by a majority of those voting at such election; provided further, that no district tax shall be voted or collected except in such counties as are levying and collecting not less than a three-mill special county school tax.

Section 269.03: Disposition of special school tax funds

The funds arising from the special county school tax levied and collected by any county shall be apportioned and expended as the law may direct, and the funds arising from the special school tax levied in any district which votes the same independently of the county shall be expended for the exclusive benefit of the district, as the law may direct.

Section 269.04: Additional property tax for county educational purposes

The court of county commissioners, board of revenue, or other like governing body of each of the several counties in the state shall have the power to levy and collect a special county tax of not to exceed fifty cents on each one hundred dollars of taxable property, in addition to all other taxes now or hereafter authorized by the Constitution and laws of Alabama, for educational purposes, on the value of the taxable property in the county as assessed for state taxation, provided the purpose thereof, and the time such tax is proposed to be continued shall have been first submitted to a vote of the qualified electors of the county and voted for by a majority of those voting at such election. If any proposal to levy the tax is defeated in any election, subsequent elections thereon may be held at any time. The election provided for herein shall be called, held, conducted, paid for, and governed otherwise in the manner provided for an election on the school district tax authorized in constitutional amendment III [§§ 269.01-269.03 ].

Section 269.05: Additional special district school tax

In addition to any and all taxes now authorized, or that may be hereafter authorized by the Constitution and laws of Alabama, the several school districts of any in the state shall have power to levy and collect an additional special district school tax not exceeding thirty cents on each one hundred dollars worth of taxable property in such district for public school purposes in addition to that now authorized or that may hereafter be authorized for public school purposes; provided, that a school district under this section shall include incorporated cities or towns, or any school district of which an incorporated city or town is a part, or such other school districts now existing or hereafter formed as may be approved by the county board of education; provided, further, that the rate of such tax, the time it is to continue and the purpose thereof shall have been first submitted to the vote of the qualified electors of the district, and voted for a majority of those voting at such election.

Section 269.06: Ratification of public school taxes

Any provision of the Constitution of Alabama 1901, as amended, to the contrary notwithstanding, all ad valorem taxes for public school or education purposes in the state of Alabama which have been approved by a majority vote of the appropriate electorate prior to March 1, 1990, and the levy and collection thereof from the date of the initial levy thereof, are hereby authorized, ratified and confirmed regardless of any statutory or constitutional defects, mistakes, errors or ambiguities in the authorization or levy thereof or the election thereon, or in any act of the legislature with respect thereto; provided, however, that the authorization, ratification and confirmation effected by this amendment shall not be applicable to any tax the validity of which is being challenged in appropriate judicial proceedings in any proper court on the date the act proposing this amendment is adopted.

Section 269.07: Levy and collection of district school tax

The provision contained in Section 2 of Amendment No. 3 to this constitution [§ 269.02 ] relating to district school taxes and providing that no district school tax shall be voted upon or collected except in those counties that are levying and collecting not less than a three-mill special county school tax is hereby repealed. Notwithstanding any other provision of this constitution or any law to the contrary, the levy of a countywide tax shall not be required as a condition precedent for the levy and collection of any district school tax in any school district in the state.

Section 269.08: Minimum ad valorem tax rate for general school purposes

(a) There is hereby authorized and there shall be levied and collected for general public school purposes, for the ad valorem tax year commencing October 1, 2006, and for each ad valorem tax year thereafter, in each school district of the state, in addition to all other taxes, a special ad valorem school property tax at a rate equal to the difference between ten dollars on each one thousand dollars of taxable property in such district and the sum of the rates per thousand of all the ad valorem property taxes described in Section (b) hereof otherwise levied and collected for general public school purposes in such school district and required or permitted by the terms of this amendment to be taken into account for purposes of determining the rate of said tax. The County Commission or other like governing body of each county in the State is hereby directed to compute and determine annually the rate or rates of, and to levy and collect in and for the benefit of each school district within such county, the additional ad valorem property tax authorized hereby, in compliance with the provisions of this amendment. The proceeds from said tax shall not, any provisions of any law or of this constitution to the contrary notwithstanding, be subject to any fees, charges or commissions for assessment or collection by any person whatever, it being the intent hereof that the full amounts of the proceeds of said tax collected shall be used for general public school purposes.

(b) The following described ad valorem property taxes, to the extent the use of the proceeds thereof is not lawfully restricted, earmarked or otherwise designated for a purpose or purposes more particular than general public school purposes, now or hereafter levied and collected in each school district of the State, shall be taken into account annually in determining the rate of the tax required to be levied each year pursuant to the provisions of Section (a) of this amendment:

(1) countywide ad valorem property taxes levied and collected for public school or educational purposes under the provisions of Section 269 of, or Amendments 3 or 202 [§§ 269.01 through 269.04 ] to, the Constitution of Alabama of 1901 or any amendment thereto adopted subsequent to the adoption of this amendment similarly authorizing the levy of such taxes,

(2) countywide ad valorem property taxes levied and collected for public school or educational purposes,

(3) that portion, expressed as an ad valorem tax millage rate, of any local countywide ad valorem property tax or taxes levied and collected in any county of the state for general purposes that is paid or required to be distributed to or used for the benefit of the respective public school system or systems of the county to which the school district has reference, and that is designated by official action of the taxing authority levying the same as creditable for purposes of Section (a) of this amendment, provided that any such portion of such tax once so designated may not thereafter be designated for other than general school purposes and shall be recorded as a school tax that may be levied and collected without limit as to time,

(4) school district ad valorem property taxes levied and collected under the provisions of Amendments 3 or 382 to the Constitution of 1901 [§§ 269.01 through 269.04 ], or the provisions of any constitutional amendment applicable only to the county (or part thereof) in which the school district is located authorizing the levy of an ad valorem property tax in the school district, and

(5) any ad valorem property taxes otherwise levied by and collected in any municipality of the state for public school purposes the proceeds of which are paid or required to be used for the benefit of the school system of such municipality, and that are designated by the taxing authority levying the tax as creditable for purposes of Section (a) of this amendment, provided that any such tax once so designated may not thereafter be designated for other than general school purposes and shall be recorded as a school tax that may be levied and collected without limit as to time.

(c) Each local taxing authority in the State levying ad valorem property taxes for public school purposes shall annually notify the Alabama Department of Revenue, the Alabama State Superintendent of Education, and the Director of Finance of all ad valorem property taxes so levied by such authority for school purposes (including the tax authorized to be levied hereby), of the authority under which such taxes were levied and collected, the provisions of any referendum at which they were approved pertaining to the rates thereof, the time they are to continue, the purposes for which they were approved, and the particular constitutional authority under which they were submitted for referendum, if applicable.

(d) The levy and collection of the additional ad valorem property tax authorized and required to be levied and collected pursuant to the provisions of this amendment shall not affect or reduce any authorization heretofore or hereafter otherwise existing for the levy of any school district or countywide ad valorem property tax or taxes, whether such levy is subject to approval by the qualified electors of the jurisdiction in which the tax may be levied at a referendum election or otherwise.

(e) The tax levied pursuant to this amendment may be pledged for payment of any debt obligations incurred for public school purposes for which any other ad valorem property tax levied in the school district in which the tax is levied is or may be pledged for repayment. No provision of this amendment shall affect or impair the validity of any pledge of any local ad valorem property tax heretofore or hereafter made for the payment of any indebted- ness of any type whatever.

(f) Any provision of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, as amended, to the contrary notwithstanding, all ad valorem property taxes for public school or education purposes in the state of Alabama the levy of which has been approved by a majority vote of the appropriate electorate prior to the ratification of this amendment by the qualified electors of the State, and the levy and collection of any such tax from the date of the initial levy thereof, are hereby authorized, ratified and confirmed regardless of any statutory or constitutional defects, mistakes, errors or ambiguities in the authorization or levy thereof or the election thereon, or in any act of the Legislature with respect thereto; provided, however, that the authorization, ratification and confirmation effected by this Section (f) shall not be applicable to any tax the validity of which was being challenged in appropriate judicial proceedings in any proper court on the date of final passage of the act of the legislature pursuant to which this amendment was proposed.

Section 270: Applicability of article to Mobile County

The provisions of this article and of any act of the legislature passed in pursuance thereof for educational purposes, shall apply to Mobile county only so far as to authorize and require the authorities designated by law to draw the portions of the funds to which said county shall be entitled for school purposes and to make reports to the superintendent of education as may be prescribed by law; and all special incomes and powers of taxation as now authorized by law for the benefit of public schools in said county shall remain undisturbed until otherwise provided by the legislature.

Article XV: Militia

Section 271: Composition of militia; organizing, arming and disciplining militia; naval militia may be organized

The legislature shall have power to declare who shall constitute the militia of the state, and to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the same; and the legislature may provide for the organization of a state and naval militia.

Section 272: Conformance with regulations of United States department of defense and laws of United States; administration of military affairs by military department and adjutant general

The legislature, in providing for the organization, equipment, and discipline of the state military forces, shall conform as nearly as practicable to the regulations of the department of defense of the United States, and the laws of the United States, governing the armed forces of the United States. All affairs pertaining to the state military forces shall be administered by a state military department, which shall be headed by the adjutant general, and who shall be responsible to the governor as commander-in-chief.

Section 273: Appointment, suspension, discharge, removal and retirement of officers of state military forces; qualifications of personnel of federally-recognized national guard

Officers of the state military forces, including the adjutant general, shall be appointed, and shall be subject to suspension, discharge, removal, or compulsory retirement as such, solely on the basis of military proficiency, character and service, as determined by department of defense regulations and military usages sanctioned by the military laws of the United States, anything in this Constitution to the contrary notwithstanding. The qualifications of personnel of the federally recognized national guard shall be as prescribed in pertinent regulations and policies of the United States department of defense.

Section 274: Volunteer organizations

Volunteer organizations of infantry, cavalry, and artillery and naval militia may be formed in such manner and under such restrictions and with such privileges as may be provided by law.

Section 275: Immunity of members from arrest while attending, going to or returning from musters, parades and elections

The militia and volunteer forces shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at musters, parades, and elections, and in going to and returning from the same.

Section 276: Appointment of adjutant general, general officers and governor's staff

The governor shall, with the advice and consent of the senate, appoint the adjutant general and all general officers. The governor shall appoint his own staff, as may be provided by law.

Section 277: Safe keeping of arms, ammunition, military records, etc

The legislature shall provide for the safe keeping of the arms, ammunition, and accoutrements, and military records, banners, and relics of the state.

Section 278: Officers and men not entitled to compensation when not in active service

The officers and men of the militia and volunteer forces shall not be entitled to or receive any pay, rations, or emoluments when not in active service.

Article XVI: Oath of Office

Section 279: Required of members of legislature and executive and judicial officers; form; administration

All members of the legislature, and all officers, executive and judicial, before they enter upon the execution of the duties of their respective offices, shall take the following oath or affirmation:

"I" solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that I will support the Constitution of the United States, and the Constitution of the State of Alabama, so long as I continue a citizen thereof; and that I will faithfully and honestly discharge the duties of the office upon which I am about to enter, to the best of my ability. So help me God."

The oath may be administered by the presiding officer of either house of the legislature, or by any officer authorized by law to administer an oath.

Article XVII: Miscellaneous Provisions

Section 280: Holding state and federal office at same time; holding two state offices at same time

No person holding an office of profit under the United States, except postmasters, whose annual salaries do not exceed two hundred dollars, shall, during his continuance in such office, hold any office of profit under this state; nor, unless otherwise provided in this Constitution, shall any person hold two offices of profit at one and the same time under this state, except justices of the peace, constables, notaries public, and commissioner of deeds.

Section 281: Compensation of civil officers not to be increased or diminished during term for which elected or appointed

The salary, fees, or compensation of any officer holding any civil office of profit under this state or any county or municipality thereof, shall not be increased or diminished during the term for which he shall have been elected or appointed.

Section 282: Duty of legislature to enact laws to effectuate Constitution

It is made the duty of the legislature to enact all laws necessary to give effect to the provisions of this Constitution.

Section 283: Validation of certain acts relating to bonded debt of state; governor authorized to act thereunder

The act of the general assembly of Alabama entitled "An act to consolidate and adjust the bonded debt of the State of Alabama," approved February 18th, 1895, and an act amendatory thereof entitled "An act to amend section 6 of an act to consolidate and adjust the bonded debt of the State of Alabama, approved February 18th, 1895," which said last named act was approved February 16th, 1899, are hereby made valid, and both of said acts shall have the full force and effect of law, except in so far as they authorize the redemption before maturity of the bonds authorized by said acts to be issued. The governor is authorized and empowered to act under the same and to carry out all the provisions thereof; provided, that the bonds authorized to be issued by said acts and issued thereunder may be made payable at any time, not exceeding fifty years from the date thereof, and shall not be redeemable until their maturity.

Article XVIII: Mode of Amending the Constitution

Section 284: Manner of proposing amendments; submission of amendments to electors; election on amendments; proclamation of result of election; basis of representation in legislature not to be changed by amendment

Amendments may be proposed to this Constitution by the legislature in the manner following: The proposed amendments shall be read in the house in which they originate on three several days, and, if upon the third reading three-fifths of all the members elected to that house shall vote in favor thereof, the proposed amendments shall be sent to the other house, in which they shall likewise be read on three several days, and if upon the third reading three-fifths of all of the members elected to that house shall vote in favor of the proposed amendments, the legislature shall order an election by the qualified electors of the state upon such proposed amendments, to be held either at the general election next succeeding the session of the legislature at which the amendments are proposed or upon another day appointed by the legislature, not less than three months after the final adjournment of the session of the legislature at which the amendments were proposed. Notice of such election, together with the proposed amendments, shall be given by proclamation of the governor, which shall be published in every county in such manner as the legislature shall direct, for at least four successive weeks next preceding the day appointed for such election. On the day so appointed an election shall be held for the vote of the qualified electors of the state upon the proposed amendments. If such election be held on the day of the general election, the officers of such general election shall open a poll for the vote of the qualified electors upon the proposed amendments; if it be held on a day other than that of the general election, officers for such election shall be appointed; and the election shall be held in all things in accordance with the law governing general elections. In all elections upon such proposed amendments, the votes cast thereat shall be canvassed, tabulated and returns thereof be made to the secretary of state, and counted, in the same manner as in elections for representatives in the legislature; and if it shall thereupon appear that a majority of the qualified electors who voted at such election upon the proposed amendments voted in favor of the same, such amendments shall be valid to all intents and purposes as parts of this Constitution. The result of such election shall be made known by proclamation of the governor. Representation in the legislature shall be based upon population, and such basis of representation shall not be changed by constitutional amendments.

Section 284.01: Proposed constitutional amendments affecting only one county

(a) The Legislature shall determine whether a proposed constitutional amendment affects or applies to only one county or a political subdivision within one or more counties under the procedures set out herein. If the Legislature determines that a proposed constitutional amendment affects or applies to only one county or a political subdivision within one or more counties, the amendment may be adopted as a valid part of the constitution only by a favorable vote of a majority of the qualified electors of the affected county or, if applicable, the political subdivision and the county or counties in which the political subdivision is located, who vote on the amendment as provided in subsections (b) and (c). If the Legislature fails to determine that a proposed constitutional amendment affects or applies to only one county or a political subdivision within one or more counties pursuant to the procedures set out in subsection (b), the amendment may be adopted as a valid part of the constitution only by a favorable vote of a majority of the qualified electors who vote on the amendment in a statewide referendum, as provided in subsection (d), and a majority of the qualified voters of the affected county or counties voting on the amendments, as provided in subsection (d).

(b) To determine whether a proposed amendment shall be placed on the ballot in only one county or a political subdivision within one or more counties and the affected county or counties, as provided in subsection (a), the proposed amendment shall be approved by each house of the Legislature under the following process:

(1) The proposed amendment must first be approved, if at all, by at least three-fifths of all the members elected to the house in which it originates.

(2) Immediately following approval under subdivision (1), the house shall consider a resolution of local application declaring that the proposed amendment affects or applies to only one county or a political subdivision within one or more counties specifying by proper name the county or the political subdivision and the county or counties within which the political subdivision is located.

(3) The proposed amendment shall then be sent to the other house for consideration and, if at least three-fifths of all the members elected to that house vote in favor of the proposed amendment, that house shall likewise immediately proceed to consider a resolution of local application as provided in subdivision (2).

In the event that both houses of the Legislature approve the amendment by at least a three-fifths vote of their elected members and also determine by vote without dissent that the proposed amendment affects or applies to only one county or a political subdivision within one or more counties, the proposed amendment shall be placed on the ballot only in the county or political subdivision and county or counties affected.

(c) If after having been approved by at least a three-fifths vote of the elected members of either house of the Legislature, there is at least one dissenting vote cast on the resolution in either house on the question of whether the proposed amendment affects or applies to only one county or only to a political subdivision within one or more counties, the proposed amendment shall automatically be submitted in a statewide referendum in accordance with the procedures for proposed statewide constitutional amendments under Sections 284 and 285 of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901. If the proposed amendment is submitted in a statewide referendum, it shall not become effective unless approved by a majority of the qualified voters voting on the amendment statewide and a majority of the voters of any county or political subdivision named in the resolution voting on the amendment.

(d) Notice of the election, together with the proposed amendment, shall be given by proclamation of the Governor, which proclamation shall be published once a week for four successive weeks next preceding the day appointed for the election in each newspaper qualified to run legal notices in the county or counties affected.

Section 285: Election ballots; affirmative vote of majority of electors voting required for passage

Upon the ballots used at all elections provided for in section 284 of this Constitution the substance or subject matter of each proposed amendment shall be so printed that the nature thereof shall be clearly indicated. Following each proposed amendment on the ballot shall be printed the word "Yes" and immediately under that shall be printed the word "No." The choice of the elector shall be indicated by a cross mark made by him or under his direction, opposite the word expressing his desire, and no amendment shall be adopted unless it receives the affirmative vote of a majority of all the qualified electors who vote at such election.

Section 286: Manner of calling convention for purpose of altering or amending Constitution; repeal of act or resolution calling convention; jurisdiction and power of convention not restricted

No convention shall hereafter be held for the purpose of altering or amending the Constitution of this state, unless after the legislature by a vote of a majority of all the members elected to each house has passed an act or resolution calling a convention for such purpose the question of convention or no convention shall be first submitted to a vote of all the qualified electors of the state, and approved by a majority of those voting at such election. No act or resolution of the legislature calling a convention for the purpose of altering or amending the Constitution of this state, shall be repealed except upon the vote of a majority of all the members elected to each house at the same session at which such act or resolution was passed; provided, nothing herein contained shall be construed as restricting the jurisdiction and power of the convention, when duly assembled in pursuance of this section, to establish such ordinances and to do and perform such things as to the convention may seem necessary or proper for the purpose of altering, revising, or amending the existing Constitution.

Section 286.01: Procedure for ratification and adoption of proposed Constitution of Alabama

Any proposed Constitution of Alabama adopted to replace the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, whether adopted by a constitutional convention pursuant to Section 286 or by any other constitutionally authorized method now in existence or subsequently adopted, shall become effective only if the proposed constitution is ratified by a majority of the qualified electors of the state voting on the question of such ratification.

Prior to the ratification election, the text of the proposed constitution shall be published in the same manner as the proclamation of the election. The proposed constitution shall be published on a separate sheet or sheets and circulated with the newspapers in which the proclamation is published. The Legislature may also provide for other methods of publishing the text of the proposed constitution.

The result of the election shall be made known by proclamation of the Governor. If the proposed constitution is ratified as provided in this amendment, it shall become effective on the first day of January following ratification, unless otherwise provided in the ratified constitution. If the ratified constitution provides otherwise, the effective date shall be as provided in the ratified constitution.

The Legislature shall provide for the notice, and procedures related to the election, canvassing, proclamation, and costs which are in conformity with this amendment. If proposed by convention, the election shall be held at the next general election not less than 90 days following adjournment of the convention at which it was proposed.

Section 286.02: Recompilation of Constitution of Alabama

The Legislature, upon the recommendation of the Director of the Legislative Services Agency through a proposed draft, may arrange this constitution, as amended, in proper articles, parts, and sections removing all racist language, delete duplicative and repealed provisions, consolidate provisions regarding economic development, arrange all local amendments by county of application during the 2022 Regular Session of the Legislature, and make no other changes. The draft and arrangement, when approved by a three-fifths vote of each house of the Legislature, through joint resolution, shall be submitted to the voters pursuant to Amendment 714 of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, now appearing as Section 286.01 of the Official Recompilation of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, as amended, except that the text of the proposed constitution shall be published on the website of the Secretary of State and shall be made available, without cost, to any agency of the state or a municipality or county in the state that operates a public access website for publication on the website. The Constitution of Alabama, with the amendments made thereto, in accordance with this amendment, once approvedby the voters, shall be the supreme law of the state.

Section 286.03: Renumbering and placement of amendments in the Constitution of Alabama of 2022; validity of judicial interpretations; transfer of annotations

Contingent upon the ratification of the Constitution of Alabama of 2022:

(a) The Code Commissioner shall number and place any constitutional amendment ratified on the date of ratification of this amendment as appropriate in the Constitution of Alabama of 2022, based upon a logical sequence and the particular subject or topic of the amendment.

(b)

(1) Any judicial decision interpreting a provision of the Alabama Constitution of 1901, shall remain valid as to the appropriate provision in the Constitution of Alabama of 2022, that has not been substantively changed by the Constitution of Alabama of 2022. Any case annotation to any section of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, compiled and published prior to the ratification of this amendment shall apply to the section as it is numbered or renumbered in the Constitution of Alabama of 2022, as authorized by Amendment 951.

(2) The Code Commissioner shall instruct the publisher of the Official Recompilation of the Constitution of Alabama of 1901, to transfer, organize, and otherwise arrange annotations to the same or renumbered sections of the Constitution of Alabama of 2022, except to the extent substantively changed.

Section 287: Votes by legislature on proposed amendments or bills or resolutions calling conventions; acts or resolutions proposing amendments or calling conventions not to be submitted to governor for approval

All votes of the legislature upon proposed amendments to this Constitution, and upon bills or resolutions calling a convention for the purpose of altering or amending the Constitution of this state, shall be taken by yeas and nays and entered on the journals. No act or resolution of the legislature passed in accordance with the provisions of this article, proposing amendments to this Constitution, or calling a convention for the purpose of altering or amending the Constitution of this state, shall be submitted for the approval of the governor, but shall be valid without his approval.

Local Provisions

Title 1: Autauga County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 1A: Autauga County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 2: Baldwin County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 2A: Baldwin County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions. (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Bay Minette

Title 3: Barbour County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions. (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 3A: Barbour County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 4: Bibb County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 4A: Bibb County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 5: Blount County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 5A: Blount County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Oneonta

Title 6: Bullock County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 6A: Bullock County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 7: Butler County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 7A: Butler County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 8: Calhoun County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 8A: Calhoun County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Anniston

Title 9: Chambers County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 9A: Chambers County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 10: Cherokee County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 10A: Cherokee County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 11: Chilton County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 11A: Chilton County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 12: Choctaw County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees (Reserved)

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 12A: Choctaw County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 13: Clarke County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 13A: Clarke County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Jackson

Title 14: Clay County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 14A: Clay County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 15: Cleburne County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 15A: Cleburne County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 16: Coffee County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 16A: Coffee County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 17: Colbert County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees (Reserved)

Chapter 9: Public Safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 17A: Colbert County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Tuscumbia

Chapter 3: Sheffield

Chapter 4: Muscle Shoals

Title 18: Conecuh County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 18A: Conecuh County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Evergreen

Title 19: Coosa County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation (Reserved)

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 19A: Coosa County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 20: Covington County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts (Reserved)

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 20A: Covington County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 21: Crenshaw County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation (Reserved)

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 21A: Crenshaw County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 22: Cullman County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 22A: Cullman County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Cullman

Title 23: Dale County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 23A: Dale County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Ozark

Chapter 3: Dothan

Section 23A-3.00: Election of Board of Education. (Amendment 552)

The Legislature may, by local act, provide for the election of the Dothan City Board of Education.

This amendment shall not become operative unless it is approved by a majority of the qualified electors of the City of Dothan who vote thereon upon its submission. ( Amendment 552 )

Title 24: Dallas County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 24A: Dallas County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Selma

Title 25: DeKalb County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 25A: DeKalb County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Fort Payne

Title 26: Elmore County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 26A: Elmore County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Tallassee

Title 27: Escambia County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 27A: Escambia County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 28: Etowah County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 28A: Etowah County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Attalla

Title 29: Fayette County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 29A: Fayette County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 30: Franklin County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education

Chapter 6: Health and Environment

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 30A: Franklin County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 31: Geneva County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 31A: Geneva County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 32: Greene County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 32A: Greene County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 33: Hale County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 33A: Hale County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 34: Henry County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 34A: Henry County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Dothan

Title 35: Houston County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 35A: Houston County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Dothan

Title 36: Jackson County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 36A: Jackson County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 37: Jefferson County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees (Reserved)

Chapter 9: Public Safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 37A: Jefferson County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Birmingham

Chapter 3: Mountain Brook

Chapter 4: Vestavia Hills

Chapter 5: Bessemer

Chapter 6: Lake View

Title 38: Lamar County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 38A: Lamar County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 39: Lauderdale County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 39A: Lauderdale County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Florence

Title 40: Lawrence County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education

Chapter 6: Health and Environment

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 40A: Lawrence County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 41: Lee County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 41A: Lee County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Auburn

Chapter 3: Phenix City

Title 42: Limestone County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment

Chapter 7: Gaming

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 42A: Limestone County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Decatur

Chapter 3: Huntsville

Chapter 4: Lester

Chapter 5: Madison

Title 43: Lowndes County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 43A: Lowndes County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: White Hall

Title 44: Macon County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 44A: Macon County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Tuskegee

Title 45: Madison County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 45A: Madison County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Huntsville

Chapter 3: Madison

Title 46: Marengo County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 46A: Marengo County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Demopolis

Title 47: Marion County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts (Reserved)

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 47A: Marion County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Haleyville

Title 48: Marshall County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 48A: Marshall County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 49: Mobile County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education

Chapter 6: Health and Environment

Chapter 7: Gaming

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 49A: Mobile County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Bayou La Batre

Chapter 3: Prichard

Title 50: Monroe County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 50A: Monroe County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 51: Montgomery County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 51A: Montgomery County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 52: Morgan County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 52A: Morgan County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Huntsville

Chapter 3: Decatur

Chapter 4: Hartselle

Title 53: Perry County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 53A: Perry County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Uniontown

Title 54: Pickens County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education

Chapter 6: Health and Environment

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 54A: Pickens County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 55: Pike County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 55A: Pike County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 56: Randolph County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 56A: Randolph County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 57: Russell County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 57A: Russell County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Phenix City

Title 58: Shelby County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education

Chapter 6: Health and Environment

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 58A: Shelby County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Birmingham

Chapter 3: Vestavia Hills

Chapter 4: Alabaster

Title 59: St. Clair County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment

Chapter 7: Gaming

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 59A: St. Clair County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Pell City

Title 60: Sumter County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 60A: Sumter County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: York

Chapter 2: Livingston

Title 61: Talladega County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 61A: Talladega County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Talladega

Title 62: Tallapoosa County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts (Reserved)

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 62A: Tallapoosa County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Tallassee

Title 63: Tuscaloosa County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 63A: Tuscaloosa County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 64: Walker County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 64A: Walker County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Jasper

Chapter 3: Carbon Hill

Title 65: Washington County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 65A: Washington County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 66: Wilcox County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education (Reserved)

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities (Reserved)

Title 66A: Wilcox County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Title 67: Winston County

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions

Chapter 2: Courts

Chapter 3: County Government, Finance, and Operations (Reserved)

Chapter 4: Economic and Industrial Development (Reserved)

Chapter 5: Education

Chapter 6: Health and Environment (Reserved)

Chapter 7: Gaming (Reserved)

Chapter 8: Officials and Employees

Chapter 9: Public Safety (Reserved)

Chapter 10: Taxation

Chapter 11: Zoning, Planning, and Utilities

Title 67A: Winston County Municipalities

Chapter 1: Miscellaneous Provisions (Reserved)

Chapter 2: Haleyville

Chapter 3: Double Springs

Chapter 4: Addison

Chapter 5: Lynn

Disposition Table

Original Constitution of 1901 Section	Recompiled Constitution Section
1 ..................................................................................................	1
2 ..................................................................................................	2
3 ..................................................................................................	3
4 ..................................................................................................	4
5 ..................................................................................................	5
6 ..................................................................................................	6
7 ..................................................................................................	7
8 ..................................................................................................	8 , Amended by Amendments 37 and 598
9 ..................................................................................................	9
10 ...............................................................................................	10
11 ...............................................................................................	11
12 ...............................................................................................	12
13 ...............................................................................................	13
14 ...............................................................................................	14
15 ...............................................................................................	15
16 ...............................................................................................	16
17 ................................................................................................	17
18 ................................................................................................	18
19 ................................................................................................	19
20 ................................................................................................	20
21 .................................................................................................	21
22 .................................................................................................	22
23 .................................................................................................	23
24 .................................................................................................	24
25 .................................................................................................	25
26 .................................................................................................	26 , Amended by Amendment 888
27 .................................................................................................	27
28 .................................................................................................	28
29 .................................................................................................	29
30 .................................................................................................	30
31 .................................................................................................	31
32 .................................................................................................	32
33 .................................................................................................	33
34 .................................................................................................	34
35 .................................................................................................	35
36 .................................................................................................	36
37 .................................................................................................	37
38 .................................................................................................	38
39 .................................................................................................	39
40 .................................................................................................	40
41 .................................................................................................	41
42 .................................................................................................	42 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 905
43 .................................................................................................	43 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 905
44 .................................................................................................	44
45 .................................................................................................	45
46 .................................................................................................	46 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 939
47 .................................................................................................	47
48 .................................................................................................	48
49 .................................................................................................	49 , Repealed by Amendment 871
50 ................................................................................................	50
51 ................................................................................................	51
52 ................................................................................................	52
53 ................................................................................................	53
54 ................................................................................................	54
55 ................................................................................................	55
56 ................................................................................................	56
57 ................................................................................................	57
58 ................................................................................................	58
59 ................................................................................................	59
60 ................................................................................................	60
61 ................................................................................................	61
62 ................................................................................................	62
63 ................................................................................................	63
64 ................................................................................................	64
65 ................................................................................................	65
66 ................................................................................................	66
67 ................................................................................................	67
68 ................................................................................................	68
69 ................................................................................................	69
70 ...............................................................................................	70
71 ...............................................................................................	71
72 ...............................................................................................	72
73 ...............................................................................................	73
74 ...............................................................................................	74 , Amended by Amendment 40
75 ...............................................................................................	75
76 ...............................................................................................	76 , Amended by Amendment 339
77 ...............................................................................................	77
78 ...............................................................................................	78
79 ...............................................................................................	79
80 ...............................................................................................	80
81 ...............................................................................................	81
82 ...............................................................................................	82
83 ...............................................................................................	83
84 ...............................................................................................	84
85 ...............................................................................................	85
86 ...............................................................................................	86
87 ..............................................................................................	87
88 ..............................................................................................	88
89 ..............................................................................................	89
90 ..............................................................................................	90
91 ..............................................................................................	91
92 ..............................................................................................	92
93 ..............................................................................................	93 , Amended by Amendments 1 , 12 , and 58
94 ..............................................................................................	94 , Amended by Amendments 112 and 558
95 ..............................................................................................	95
96 ..............................................................................................	96
97 ..............................................................................................	97
98 ..............................................................................................	98 , Amended by Amendment 513
99 .............................................................................................	99
100 ...........................................................................................	100
101 ...........................................................................................	101
102 ...........................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 667
103 ...........................................................................................	103
104 ...........................................................................................	104
105 ...........................................................................................	105
106 ...........................................................................................	106 , Amended by Amendment 341
107 ...........................................................................................	107
108 ...........................................................................................	108
109 ...........................................................................................	109
110 ...........................................................................................	110 , Amended by Amendments 375 and 397
111 ...........................................................................................	111
112 ...........................................................................................	112
113 ...........................................................................................	113
114 ...........................................................................................	114
115 ...........................................................................................	115
116 ...........................................................................................	116 , Amended by Amendment 282
117 ...........................................................................................	117
118 ...........................................................................................	118
119 ...........................................................................................	119
120 ...........................................................................................	120
121 ...........................................................................................	121
122 ...........................................................................................	122
123 ...........................................................................................	123
124 ...........................................................................................	124 , Amended by Amendment 38
125 ...........................................................................................	125
126 ...........................................................................................	126
127 ...........................................................................................	127
128 ...........................................................................................	128
129 ..........................................................................................	129
130 ...........................................................................................	130
131 ...........................................................................................	131
132 ...........................................................................................	132
133 ...........................................................................................	133
134 ...........................................................................................	134
135 ...........................................................................................	135
136 ...........................................................................................	136
137 ...........................................................................................	137 , Amended by Amendment 111
138 ...........................................................................................	138 , Amended by Amendment 35
139 ...........................................................................................	139 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
140 ...........................................................................................	140 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
141 ...........................................................................................	141 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
142 ...........................................................................................	142 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
143 ...........................................................................................	143 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
144 ...........................................................................................	144 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
145 ...........................................................................................	145 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
146 ...........................................................................................	146 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
147 ...........................................................................................	147 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
148 ...........................................................................................	148 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
149 ...........................................................................................	149 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
150 ............................................................................................	150 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
151 ...........................................................................................	151 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
152 ...........................................................................................	152 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
153 ..............................................................................................	153 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328 ; amended by Amendment 950
154 ..............................................................................................	154 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
155 ..............................................................................................	155 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
156 ..............................................................................................	156 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
157 ..............................................................................................	157 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
158 ..............................................................................................	158 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
159 ............................................................................................	159 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
160 .............................................................................................	160 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
161 .............................................................................................	161 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
162 .............................................................................................	162 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
163 .............................................................................................	163 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
164 .............................................................................................	164 Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
165 .............................................................................................	165 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
166 .............................................................................................	166 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
167 .............................................................................................	167 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
168 .............................................................................................	168 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
169 .............................................................................................	169 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
170 .............................................................................................	170 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
171 .............................................................................................	171 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
172 .............................................................................................	172 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
173 .............................................................................................	173 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 904
174 .............................................................................................	174 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 904
175 ..............................................................................................	175 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 904
176 ..............................................................................................	176 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 904
177 .............................................................................................	177 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 579 ; amended by Amendments 865 and 949
178 .............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
179 .............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
180 ..............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
181 .............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
182 ..............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
183 ..............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
184 .............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
185 .............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
186 .............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
187 .............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
188 .............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
189 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
190 .............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
191 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
192 .............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
193 .............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
194 .............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
195 ..............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
196 .............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 579
197 .............................................................................................	197
198 .............................................................................................	198
199 .............................................................................................	199
200 .............................................................................................	200
201 ..............................................................................................	201
202 ..............................................................................................	Repealed by its own terms
203 ..............................................................................................	Repealed by its own terms
204 ..............................................................................................	204
205 .............................................................................................	205
206 ..............................................................................................	206
207 .............................................................................................	207
208 ..............................................................................................	208
209 ..............................................................................................	209
210 ..............................................................................................	210
211 ..............................................................................................	211
212 ..............................................................................................	212
213 ..............................................................................................	213 , Amended by Amendment 26
214 ..............................................................................................	214
215 ..............................................................................................	215 , Amended
216 .............................................................................................	216
217 .............................................................................................	217 , Amended by Amendments 325 and 373
218 .............................................................................................	218
219 .............................................................................................	Repealed and reenacted Amendment 23
220 .............................................................................................	220
221 .............................................................................................	221
222 .............................................................................................	222
223 ..............................................................................................	223
224 .............................................................................................	224 , Amended by Amendment 342
225 ............................................................................................	225 , Amended by Amendment 268
226 ............................................................................................	226
227 ............................................................................................	227
228 ............................................................................................	228
229 ............................................................................................	229 , Amended by Amendments 27 and 872
230 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 872
231 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 872
232 ............................................................................................	Amended by Amendment 473 ; repealed by Amendment 872
233 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 872
234 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 872
235 ...........................................................................................	235
236 ...........................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 872
237 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 872
238 ............................................................................................	238
239 ............................................................................................	239 , Amended by Amendment 872
240 ............................................................................................	240 , Amended by Amendment 872
241 ............................................................................................	241
242 ............................................................................................	242
243 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 872
244 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 872
245 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 872
246 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 872
247 ............................................................................................	247 , Amended by Amendment 873
248 ...........................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 873
249 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 873
250 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 5
251 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 873
252 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 873
253 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 873
254 ............................................................................................	Repealed by Amendment 873
255 ............................................................................................	255
256 ............................................................................................	256 , Amended by Amendment 111
257 ............................................................................................	257
258 ............................................................................................	258 , Amended by Amendment 111
259 ............................................................................................	259 , Amended by Amendment 111
261 ............................................................................................	261
262 ............................................................................................	262 , Amended by Amendment 284
263 ............................................................................................	263
264 ............................................................................................	264 , Amended by Amendments 399 and 933
265 ............................................................................................	265
266 ............................................................................................	266 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 161 ; amended by Amendments 670 and 906
267 ............................................................................................	267
268 ............................................................................................	268
269 ............................................................................................	269 , Amended by Amendment 111
270 ............................................................................................	270 , Amended by Amendment 111
271 ............................................................................................	271
272 ............................................................................................	272 , Amended by Amendment 89
273 ............................................................................................	273 , Amended by Amendment 89
274 ............................................................................................	274
275 ............................................................................................	275
276 ............................................................................................	276 , Amended by Amendment 89
277 ............................................................................................	277
278 ............................................................................................	278
279 .............................................................................................	279
280 .............................................................................................	280
281 .............................................................................................	281
282 .............................................................................................	282
283 .............................................................................................	283
284 .............................................................................................	284 , Amended by Amendment 24
286 .............................................................................................	286
287 ......................................................................................................	287

Amendment	Section
1 ......................................................................................................................	93 , Amended by Amendments 1 , 12 and 58
2 ......................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-2.00
3 ......................................................................................................................	269.01 ; 269.02 ; 269.03
4 ......................................................................................................................	Montgomery 51-8.00
5 ......................................................................................................................	250
6 ......................................................................................................................	Dallas 24A-2.00
7 ......................................................................................................................	Void
8 ......................................................................................................................	216.01
9 ......................................................................................................................	Void
10 ....................................................................................................	194 ½, Amended by Amendments 14 , 49 , 90 , and 109 Repealed by Amendment 579
11 ....................................................................................................	213.38
12 ....................................................................................................	93 , Amended by Amendments 1 , 12 and 58
13 ....................................................................................................	216.03
14 ....................................................................................................	194 ½ Amended by Amendments 49 , 90 , and 109 Repealed by Amendment 579
15 .....................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-11.00 , Mobile 49-11.00
16 .....................................................................................................	Mobile 49-10.20
17 .....................................................................................................	216.02
18 .....................................................................................................	Mobile 49-3.00
19 .....................................................................................................	Walker 64-10.20
20 .....................................................................................................	Lawrence 40-10.20
21 ......................................................................................................	213.39
22 .....................................................................................................	93.11
23 .....................................................................................................	219
24 .....................................................................................................	284
25 .....................................................................................................	211.01
26 .....................................................................................................	213
26A ..................................................................................................	68.02
27 .....................................................................................................	229 Amended by Amendments 27 and 872
28 .....................................................................................................	Mobile 49-8.00
29 .....................................................................................................	Mobile 49-3.01
30 .....................................................................................................	Lawrence 40-3.00
31 ....................................................................................................	Etowah 28A-2.00
32 ....................................................................................................	Lawrence 40-10.21
33 .....................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-8.00 , Tuscaloosa 63-8.00
34 .....................................................................................................	Limestone 42-6.00
35 .....................................................................................................	138
36 .....................................................................................................	Morgan 52-3.00
37 .....................................................................................................	8 , Amended by Amendments 37 and 598
38 .....................................................................................................	124
39 .....................................................................................................	49 , Amended by Amendments 39 and 57
40 .....................................................................................................	74
41 ......................................................................................................	Repealed
42 ......................................................................................................	213.40
43 ......................................................................................................	Cherokee 10-8.00 , Etowah 28-8.00
44 .....................................................................................................	Morgan 52-2.00
45 ......................................................................................................	Colbert 17-6.00
46 ......................................................................................................	Dallas 24-8.00
47 .......................................................................................................	Mobile 49-8.01
48 .......................................................................................................	Houston 35-8.00
49 ......................................................................................................	Repealed
50 ..................................................................................................................	Walker 64-8.00
51 ...................................................................................................................	251
52 ...................................................................................................................	Morgan 52-10.20
53 ...................................................................................................................	93.12
54 ...................................................................................................................	Winston 67A-2.00 , Marion 47A-2.00
55 ...................................................................................................................	Repealed
56 ...................................................................................................................	216.04
57 ...................................................................................................................	48.01 ; 49
58 ...................................................................................................................	93
59 ...................................................................................................................	215.01
60 ...................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-3.02
61 ...................................................................................................................	211.02
62 ...................................................................................................................	Etowah 28-8.00
63 ...................................................................................................................	Montgomery 51-10.20
64 ...................................................................................................................	Limestone 42-2.00
65 ...................................................................................................................	DeKalb 25-10.20
66 ...................................................................................................................	Marshall 48-10.00
67 ...................................................................................................................	Etowah 28-10.20
68 ...................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-10.20
69 ...................................................................................................................	Marion 47-10.20
70 ...................................................................................................................	Escambia 27-10.20
71 ...................................................................................................................	Tuscaloosa 63-10.20
72 ...................................................................................................................	215.02
73 ...................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-3.00
74 ...................................................................................................................	213.22
75 ...................................................................................................................	Marion 47-3.00
76 ...................................................................................................................	215.03
77 ...................................................................................................................	St. Clair 59-10.20
78 ...................................................................................................................	Cherokee 10-10.20
79 ...................................................................................................................	Lawrence 40-5.00
80 ...................................................................................................................	Madison 45A-2.00 , Limestone 4A-3.00 , Morgan 52A-2.00
81 ...................................................................................................................	41.01
82 ...................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-10.20
83 ...................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-2.20
84 ...................................................................................................................	Marion 47-4.00
85 ...................................................................................................................	Talladega 61-2.00
86 ...................................................................................................................	Monroe 50-10.20
87 ...................................................................................................................	213.41
88 ...................................................................................................................	138.01
89 ..................................................................................................................	272 ; 273 ; 276
90 ..................................................................................................................	109 Repealed by Amendment 579
91 ..................................................................................................................	Repealed
92 ..................................................................................................................	68.01
93 ..................................................................................................................	111.06 , Amended by Amendment 354
94 ..................................................................................................................	Fayette 29-4.00
95 ..................................................................................................................	Blount 5-4.00
96 ..................................................................................................................	Repealed
97 ..................................................................................................................	46
98 ..................................................................................................................	Talladega 61-10.20
99 ..................................................................................................................	Lawrence 40-5.01
100 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-3.03
101 ................................................................................................................	Marshall 48-10.20
102 ................................................................................................................	Chambers 9-10.20
103 ................................................................................................................	Chambers 9-2.00
104 ................................................................................................................	Winston 67A-2.01 , Marion 47A-2.01
105 ................................................................................................................	Madison 45-2.00
106 ................................................................................................................	Morgan 52-10.21
107 ................................................................................................................	222.01
108 ................................................................................................................	222.02
109 ................................................................................................................	194 ½, Repealed by Amendment 579
110 ................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-2.21
111 ................................................................................................................	137 ; 256 ; 258 ; 259 ; 260 ; 269 ; 270
112 ................................................................................................................	94 , Amended by Amendment 558
113 ................................................................................................................	213.23
114 ................................................................................................................	213.25
115 ................................................................................................................	Tuscaloosa 63-3.00
116 ................................................................................................................	213.01
117 ................................................................................................................	213.14
118 ................................................................................................................	213.24
119 ................................................................................................................	213.15
120 ................................................................................................................	213.16
121 ................................................................................................................	213.26
122 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-3.04
123 ................................................................................................................	Cleburne 15-10.20
124 ................................................................................................................	Russell 57-10.20
125 ................................................................................................................	215.04
126 ................................................................................................................	225.01
127 ................................................................................................................	Walker 64-2.00
128 ................................................................................................................	Bullock 6-4.00
129 ................................................................................................................	Tallapoosa 62-10.20
130 ................................................................................................................	Colbert 17-10.20
131 ................................................................................................................	Butler 7-10.20
132 ................................................................................................................	Macon 44-1.00 Repealed by 406
133 ................................................................................................................	Walker 64-10.00
134 ................................................................................................................	DeKalb 25-2.00
135 ................................................................................................................	Madison 45-8.00
136 ................................................................................................................	Colbert 17-2.00
137 ................................................................................................................	Cullman 22-2.00
138 ................................................................................................................	Dallas 24-8.00
139 ................................................................................................................	Montgomery 51-2.00
140 ................................................................................................................	Lauderdale 39-3.00
141 ................................................................................................................	213.27
142 ................................................................................................................	111.01
143 ................................................................................................................	Barbour 3-10.20
144 ................................................................................................................	Colbert 17-3.00 Repealed by 773
145 ................................................................................................................	Coosa 19-10.20
146 ................................................................................................................	DeKalb 25-10.40
147 ................................................................................................................	Lee 41-10.20
148 ................................................................................................................	Lee 41A-2.00
149 ................................................................................................................	Madison 45-10.20
150 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-8.20
151 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-3.05
152 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-3.00 , Amended by Amendment 152 and 363
153 ................................................................................................................	Winston 67-10.20
154 ................................................................................................................	255.01
155 ................................................................................................................	Perry 53A-2.00
156 ................................................................................................................	Randolph 56-10.20
157 ................................................................................................................	213.17
158 ................................................................................................................	213.28
159 ................................................................................................................	46.01
160 ................................................................................................................	213.18
161 ................................................................................................................	266 , Amended by Amendments 670 and 906
162 ................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-10.20
163 ................................................................................................................	Bullock 6-10.20
164 ................................................................................................................	Tuscaloosa 63-10.21
165 .................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-10.21
166 .................................................................................................................	Chilton 11-10.20
167 .................................................................................................................	Choctaw 12-10.20
168 .................................................................................................................	Clarke 13-10.20
169 .................................................................................................................	Clay 14-10.20
170 .................................................................................................................	Colbert 17A-2.00
171 .................................................................................................................	Colbert 17-3.00
172 .................................................................................................................	Colbert 17A-4.00
173 .................................................................................................................	Franklin 30-10.20
174 .................................................................................................................	Jackson 36-10.20
175 .................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-10.21
176 .................................................................................................................	Lamar 38-10.20
177 .................................................................................................................	Lauderdale 39-10.20
178 .................................................................................................................	Lauderdale 39A-2.00
179 .................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-10.21
180 .................................................................................................................	Randolph 56-10.21
181 .................................................................................................................	Talladega 61-10.21
182 .................................................................................................................	Washington 65-10.20
183 .................................................................................................................	Autauga 1-4.00
184 .................................................................................................................	DeKalb, Repealed by Amendment 337
185 .................................................................................................................	Elmore 26-8.00
186 .................................................................................................................	Franklin 30-4.00
187 .................................................................................................................	Geneva 31-3.00
188 .................................................................................................................	Greene 32-4.00
189 .................................................................................................................	Lamar 38-4.00
190 .................................................................................................................	Lawrence 40-4.00
191 .................................................................................................................	Madison 45-4.00 , Amended by Amendment 245
192 .................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-8.21
193 .................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-3.06
194 .................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-6.00
195 .................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-10.40 , Amended by Amendment 248
196 .................................................................................................................	St. Clair, Repealed by Amendment 422
197 .................................................................................................................	St. Clair 59-4.00
198 .................................................................................................................	Tallapoosa 62-10.40
199 .................................................................................................................	Washington 65-10.40
200 .................................................................................................................	222.03
201 .................................................................................................................	93.02 , Amended by Amendment 452
202 .................................................................................................................	269.04
203 ................................................................................................................	Jackson 36-10.21
204 ................................................................................................................	Walker 64-10.40
205 ................................................................................................................	Marion 47-10.40
206 ................................................................................................................	Coffee 16-10.20
207 ................................................................................................................	Repealed
208 ................................................................................................................	215
209 ................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37A-3.00
210 ................................................................................................................	DeKalb 25-10.41
211 ................................................................................................................	Franklin 30-10.21
212 ................................................................................................................	211.03 , Amended by Amendment 662
213 ................................................................................................................	213.02
214 ................................................................................................................	93.07 , Amended by Amendment 428
215 ................................................................................................................	Marshall 48-2.00
216 ................................................................................................................	Coffee 16-10.21
217 ................................................................................................................	Clarke 13-4.00
218 ................................................................................................................	Madison 45A-2.01 , Amended by Amendment 407 , Limestone 42A-3.01 , Morgan 52A-2.01
219 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-10.00
220 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49A-2.00
221 ................................................................................................................	Sumter 60A-2.00
222 ................................................................................................................	213.03
223 ................................................................................................................	Repealed
224 ................................................................................................................	213.36
225 ................................................................................................................	211.04
226 ................................................................................................................	162
227 ................................................................................................................	93.13
228 ................................................................................................................	222.04
229 ................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-2.00
230 ................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-10.40
231 ................................................................................................................	Bullock 6-8.00
232 ................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8A-2.00
233 ................................................................................................................	Dallas 24-2.00
234 ................................................................................................................	DeKalb 25A-2.00
235 ................................................................................................................	Etowah 28-2.00
236 ................................................................................................................	Greene 32-8.00
237 ................................................................................................................	Henry 34-3.00
238 ................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-3.01 , Amended by Amendment 280
239 ................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-11.00 , Amended by Amendments 314 and 369
240 ................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37A-2.00 , Shelby 58A-2.00
241 ................................................................................................................	Lauderdale 39-8.00
242 ................................................................................................................	Lee 41-2.01
243 ................................................................................................................	Lauderdale 39-11.00 , Limestone 42-11.00
244 ................................................................................................................	Limestone 42A-4.00
245 ................................................................................................................	Madison 45-4.00
246 ................................................................................................................	Marion 7-3.01
247 ................................................................................................................	93.15
248 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-10.40
249 ................................................................................................................	Shelby 58-2.00
250 ................................................................................................................	Sumter 60-4.00
251 ................................................................................................................	Sumter 60A-2.00
252 ................................................................................................................	Talladega 61-10.22
253 ................................................................................................................	Walker 64A-2.00
254 ................................................................................................................	Winston 67-10.40
255 ................................................................................................................	Winston 67-1.00
256 ................................................................................................................	Winston 67A-4.00
257 ................................................................................................................	93.16
258 ................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-2.40 , Amended by Amendment 283
259 ................................................................................................................	Conecuh 18A-2.00
260 ................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-10.21 , Amended by Amendment 298
261 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49A-2.00
262 ................................................................................................................	Franklin 30-10.40
263 ................................................................................................................	Geneva 31-4.00
264 ................................................................................................................	Marengo 46-3.00
265 ................................................................................................................	Marengo 46-8.00
266 ................................................................................................................	213.29
267 ................................................................................................................	213.31
268 ................................................................................................................	225
269 ................................................................................................................	215.05
270 ................................................................................................................	213.04
271 ................................................................................................................	Repealed
272 ................................................................................................................	219.01
273 ................................................................................................................	213.05
274 ................................................................................................................	213.06
275 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-10.41
276 ................................................................................................................	Walker 64-10.60
277 ................................................................................................................	Walker 64A-3.00
278 ................................................................................................................	Elmore 26-2.00
279 .................................................................................................................	DeKalb 25A-2.01
280 .................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-3.01
281 .................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8A-2.01
282 .................................................................................................................	116
283 .................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-2.40
284 .................................................................................................................	262
285 .................................................................................................................	Repealed
286 .................................................................................................................	213.07
287 .................................................................................................................	213.08
288 .................................................................................................................	213.09
289 .................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-5.00
290 .................................................................................................................	Barbour 3-2.00
291 .................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-10.22 , Superseded, current provisions derived from Amendment 747
292 .................................................................................................................	Covington 20-10.20
293 .................................................................................................................	Colbert 17-10.21
294 .................................................................................................................	Lawrence 40-10.22
295 .................................................................................................................	Dale 23-10.20
296 .................................................................................................................	Etowah 28-10.21
297 .................................................................................................................	Tallapoosa 62-8.00
298 ..................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-10.21
299 ..................................................................................................................	Blount 5A-2.00
300 ..................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-3.07
301 ..................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-10.42
302 ..................................................................................................................	Pickens 54-4.00
303 ..................................................................................................................	Morgan 52-4.00
304 ..................................................................................................................	Madison 45-10.21
305 ..................................................................................................................	Madison 45A-2.02 , Limestone 42A-3.02 , Morgan 52A-2.02
306 ..................................................................................................................	Bibb 4-2.00
307 ..................................................................................................................	Chambers 9-10.40
308 ..................................................................................................................	Marengo 46-4.00
309 ..................................................................................................................	Lee 41-10.21
310 ..................................................................................................................	Talladega 61-10.23
311 ..................................................................................................................	Lawrence 40-10.40 , Limestone 42-10.20
312 ..................................................................................................................	Bibb 4-4.00
313 ..................................................................................................................	Hale 33-4.00
314 ..................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-11.00 , Amended by Amendment 369
315 ..................................................................................................................	93.08 , Amended by Amendment 401
316 ..................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37A-3.01
317 ..................................................................................................................	Repealed
318 ..................................................................................................................	Morgan 52-10.60
319 ..................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-10.60
320 ..................................................................................................................	Madison 45-3.00
321 ..................................................................................................................	Lawrence 40-2.00
322 ..................................................................................................................	Repealed
323 ..................................................................................................................	Repealed
324 ..................................................................................................................	Lee 41-10.40
325 ..................................................................................................................	217 , Amended by Amendments 325 and 373
326 ..................................................................................................................	Dale 23-2.00
327 ..................................................................................................................	93.09 , Amended by Amendment 400
328 ..............................................................................................	139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328 148 , Amended by Amendment 426 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328 156 , Amended by Amendment 581 157 , Amended by Amendment 581 158 , Amended by Amendment 580 159 , 160 , 161 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 328
329 ..................................................................................................................	Marion 47-10.41
330 ................................................................................................................	Morgan 52-10.00
331 ................................................................................................................	Cleburne 15-2.00 , Amended by Amendment 347
332 ................................................................................................................	Bibb 4-2.01
333 ................................................................................................................	Tuscaloosa 63-10.40
334 ................................................................................................................	Madison 45-2.20 , Amended by Amendments 607 and 922
335 ................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-10.23
336 ................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37A-3.02
337 ................................................................................................................	DeKalb 25-8.00
338 ................................................................................................................	DeKalb 213.10
339 ................................................................................................................	76
340 ................................................................................................................	213.30
341 ................................................................................................................	106
342 ................................................................................................................	224
343 ................................................................................................................	Shelby 58-11.00
344 ................................................................................................................	Blount 5-2.00
345 ................................................................................................................	Coosa 19-2.00
346 ................................................................................................................	Chilton 11-2.00
347 ................................................................................................................	Cleburne 15-2.00
348 ................................................................................................................	Madison 4-10.00
349 ................................................................................................................	Washington 65-2.00
350 ................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8A-2.02
351 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-10.01 , Amended by Amendments 361 and 393
352 ................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37A-4.00 , Shelby 58A-3.00
353 ................................................................................................................	Butler 7-2.00
354 ................................................................................................................	111.06
355 ................................................................................................................	213.11
356 ................................................................................................................	Elmore 26-10.00
357 ................................................................................................................	Geneva 31-2.00
358 ................................................................................................................	Tuscaloosa 63-11.00 , Amended by Amendment 792
359 ................................................................................................................	Clay 14-2.00
360 ................................................................................................................	Coffee 16-2.00
361 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-10.01 , Amended by Amendment 393
362 ................................................................................................................	Lee 41-8.00
363 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-3.00
364 ................................................................................................................	144
365 ................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-11.20
366 ................................................................................................................	Pickens 54-10.00
367 ................................................................................................................	Jackson 36-2.00
368 ................................................................................................................	Morgan 52-8.00
369 ................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-11.00
370 ................................................................................................................	Shelby 58-11.01
371 ................................................................................................................	Limestone 42-11.20
372 ................................................................................................................	Geneva 31-8.00
373 ................................................................................................................	217
374 ................................................................................................................	213.33
375 ................................................................................................................	110 , Amended by Amendments 375 and 397
376 ................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-4.00
377 ................................................................................................................	Coffee 16-10.00
378 ................................................................................................................	Madison 45-11.00
379 ................................................................................................................	Montgomery 51-11.00
380 ................................................................................................................	Russell 57-8.00
381 ................................................................................................................	Russell 57-11.00
382 ................................................................................................................	269.05
383 ................................................................................................................	93.05
384 ................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-2.22
385 ................................................................................................................	Marengo 46A-2.00
386 ................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-7.00 , Amended by Amendment 600
387 ................................................................................................................	Madison 45-7.00
388 ................................................................................................................	93.06 , Amended by Amendment 883
389 ................................................................................................................	106.01
390 ................................................................................................................	111.02
391 ................................................................................................................	Escambia 27-2.00
392 ................................................................................................................	Lee 41-11.00
393 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-10.01
394 ................................................................................................................	219.02
395 ................................................................................................................	213.34
396 ................................................................................................................	Repealed
397 ................................................................................................................	110
398 ................................................................................................................	222.05
399 ................................................................................................................	264 , Amended by Amendment 933
400 ................................................................................................................	93.09
401 ................................................................................................................	93.08
402 ................................................................................................................	Repealed
403 ................................................................................................................	Henry 34-2.00
404 ................................................................................................................	Lauderdale 39-10.21
405 ................................................................................................................	Lauderdale 39-10.00
406 ................................................................................................................	Macon 44-1.00
407 ................................................................................................................	Madison 45A-2.01
408 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-2.00
409 ................................................................................................................	Shelby 58A-4.00
410 ................................................................................................................	Washington 65-3.00
411 ................................................................................................................	96.01
412 ................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-2.00
413 ................................................................................................................	Montgomery 51-7.00
414 ................................................................................................................	Bullock 6-2.00
415 ................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-4.20
416 ................................................................................................................	Clarke 13-2.00
417 ................................................................................................................	Fayette 29-8.00
418 ................................................................................................................	Franklin 30-2.00
419 ................................................................................................................	Lamar 38-8.00
420 ................................................................................................................	Macon 44-10.20
421 ................................................................................................................	Pike 55-2.00
422 ................................................................................................................	St. Clair, Repealed Amendment 196
423 ................................................................................................................	Winston 67-10.00
424 ................................................................................................................	Winston 67-2.00
425 ................................................................................................................	284.01 , Amended by Amendment 555 , repealed and reenacted by Amendment 897
426 ................................................................................................................	148
427 ................................................................................................................	48.02
428 ................................................................................................................	93.07
429 ................................................................................................................	Bullock 6-4.01
	Coffee 16-4.00 Coosa 19-4.00 Dallas 24-4.00 Etowah 28-4.00 Geneva 31-4.01 Houston 35-4.00 Jefferson 37-4.00 Lawrence 40-4.01 Macon 44-4.00 Madison 45-4.01 Marengo 46-4.01 Mobile 49-4.00 Morgan 52-4.01 Shelby 58-4.00 Talladega 61-4.00 Tuscaloosa 63-4.00
430 ...............................................................................................................	Blount 5-10.00
431 ...............................................................................................................	Bullock 6-4.20
432 ...............................................................................................................	Etowah 28-11.00 , Amended by Amendment 445
433 ...............................................................................................................	Greene 32-8.00
434 ...............................................................................................................	Wilcox 66-2.00
435 ...............................................................................................................	Conecuh 18-10.00
436 ...............................................................................................................	Jackson 36-11.00
437 ...............................................................................................................	Macon 44-3.00
438 ...............................................................................................................	Macon 44A-2.00
439 ...............................................................................................................	Marshall 48-11.00
440 ...............................................................................................................	Mobile 49-7.00
441 ...............................................................................................................	Mobile 49-8.22
442 ...............................................................................................................	Randolph 56-10.40
443 ...............................................................................................................	138.02 , Amended by Amendments 454 and 556
444 ...............................................................................................................	Randolph 56-10.41
445 ...............................................................................................................	Etowah 28-11.00
446 ...............................................................................................................	213.12
447 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-3.08
448 ................................................................................................................	71.01 Amended by Amendment 926
449 ................................................................................................................	93.03
450 ................................................................................................................	219.02
451 ................................................................................................................	93.14
452 ................................................................................................................	93.02
453 ................................................................................................................	93.04
454 ................................................................................................................	138.02 , Amended by Amendment 454 and 556
455 ................................................................................................................	Madison 45-10.22
456 ................................................................................................................	Morgan 52A-4.00
457 ................................................................................................................	Morgan 52-9.00
458 ................................................................................................................	Pike 55-10.00
459 ................................................................................................................	Randolph 56-2.00
460 ................................................................................................................	St. Clair 59-11.00
461 ................................................................................................................	Wilcox 66-10.00
462 ................................................................................................................	Dale 23A-2.00
463 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-3.09
464 ................................................................................................................	Clarke 13-11.00
465 ................................................................................................................	Clarke 13A-2.00 , Amended by Amendment 477
466 .................................................................................................................	Elmore 26-11.00
467 .................................................................................................................	Etowah 28-11.20
468 .................................................................................................................	Marengo 46-4.20
469 .................................................................................................................	Marshall 48-11.20
470 .................................................................................................................	Washington 65-11.00
471 .................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-10.41 , Amended by Amendment 795
472 .................................................................................................................	138.03
473 .................................................................................................................	232
474 .................................................................................................................	111.03
475 .................................................................................................................	94.02
476 .................................................................................................................	Chambers 9-11.00
477 .................................................................................................................	Clarke 13A-2.00
478 .................................................................................................................	Clarke 13-2.20
479 .................................................................................................................	Covington 20-8.00
480 .................................................................................................................	Greene 32-2.00
481 .................................................................................................................	Hale 33-2.00
482 .................................................................................................................	Limestone 42-3.00
483 .................................................................................................................	Lowndes 43-2.00
484 .................................................................................................................	Morgan 52-10.01
485 ..................................................................................................................	Perry 53-2.00
486 ..................................................................................................................	Sumter 60-2.00
487 ..................................................................................................................	Wilcox 66-2.20
488 ..................................................................................................................	219.03
489 ..................................................................................................................	213.35
490 ..................................................................................................................	Marion 47-11.00
491 ..................................................................................................................	111.04
492 ..................................................................................................................	93.01
493 ..................................................................................................................	Autauga 1-2.20
494 ..................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8A-2.04
495 ..................................................................................................................	Choctaw 12-2.00
496 ..................................................................................................................	Crenshaw, Repealed by Amendment 785
497 ..................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-9.00
498 ..................................................................................................................	Lee 41-11.01
499 ..................................................................................................................	Limestone 42-11.40
500 ..................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-3.10
501 ..................................................................................................................	Monroe 50-11.00
502 ..................................................................................................................	Morgan 52-9.01
503 ..................................................................................................................	Pike 55-3.00
504 ................................................................................................................	Talladega 61-2.01
505 ................................................................................................................	Washington 65-11.20
506 ................................................................................................................	Etowah 28-7.00
507 ................................................................................................................	Russell 57-2.00 , Amended by Amendment 736
508 ................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-7.00 , Amended by Amendments 931 and 960
509 ................................................................................................................	36.01
510 ................................................................................................................	213.13
511 ................................................................................................................	214.01
512 ................................................................................................................	219.06
513 ................................................................................................................	98
514 ................................................................................................................	Madison 45A-2.03 , Limestone 42A-3.03 , Morgan 52A-2.03
515 ................................................................................................................	Winston 67-11.00
516 ................................................................................................................	Lamar 38-11.00
517 ................................................................................................................	Fayette 29-11.00
518 ................................................................................................................	Franklin 30-11.00 , Amended by Amendment 891
519 ................................................................................................................	Jackson 36-11.20
520 ................................................................................................................	Madison 45-3.20
521 ................................................................................................................	Pickens 54-6.00
522 ................................................................................................................	Pickens 54-2.00
523 .................................................................................................................	St. Clair 59-6.00
524 .................................................................................................................	Tuscaloosa 63-2.00
525 .................................................................................................................	269.06
526 .................................................................................................................	Cherokee 10-2.00
527 .................................................................................................................	Choctaw 12-11.00
528 .................................................................................................................	Conecuh 18-11.00
529 .................................................................................................................	Lee 41-2.00
530 .................................................................................................................	Macon 44-2.00 , Amended by Amendment 847
531 .................................................................................................................	Madison 45-11.20
532 .................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-11.20
533 .................................................................................................................	Talladega 61-3.00 , Limestone 42A-2.00
534 .................................................................................................................	Talladega 61-11.00
535 .................................................................................................................	Elmore 26A-2.00 , Tallapoosa 62A-2.00
536 .................................................................................................................	Escambia 27-3.00
537 .................................................................................................................	Etowah 28A-2.01
538 .................................................................................................................	Fayette 29-11.01
539 .................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-10.00
540 .................................................................................................................	Macon 44-8.00
541 .................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-8.23
542 .................................................................................................................	St. Clair 59-7.00
543 .................................................................................................................	219.07
544 .................................................................................................................	St. Clair 59A-2.00
545 .................................................................................................................	Lawrence 40-4.20
546 .................................................................................................................	Limestone 42-10.40
547 .................................................................................................................	Pickens 54-2.20
548 .................................................................................................................	Talladega 61A-2.00
549 .................................................................................................................	Walker 64-7.00
550 .................................................................................................................	Walker 64A-2.01
551 .................................................................................................................	Montgomery 51-11.01 , Amended by Amendment 711
552 .................................................................................................................	Houston 35A-2.00 , Dale 23A-3.00 , Franklin 30-9.00
553 .................................................................................................................	Morgan 52A-3.00
554 .................................................................................................................	Chambers 9-10.60
555 .................................................................................................................	284.01 , Amended and reenacted by Amendment 897
556 .................................................................................................................	138.02
557 .................................................................................................................	6.01
558 .................................................................................................................	94
559 .................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-10.00
560 .................................................................................................................	Barbour 3-2.01
561 ................................................................................................................	Blount 5-11.00
562 ................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-10.00
563 ................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-4.00
564 ................................................................................................................	Covington 20-11.00
565 ................................................................................................................	Covington 20-7.00
566 ................................................................................................................	Cullman 22A-2.00
567 ................................................................................................................	Elmore 26-11.01 , Amended by Amendment 787
568 ................................................................................................................	Franklin 30-11.20
569 ................................................................................................................	Houston 35-7.00
570 ................................................................................................................	Lee 41-11.20
571 ................................................................................................................	Sumter 60-2.20
572 ................................................................................................................	Tallapoosa 62-11.00
573 ................................................................................................................	Morgan 52-10.22
574 ................................................................................................................	Morgan 52A-4.01
575 ................................................................................................................	Morgan 52A-3.01 , Limestone 42A-2.01
576 ................................................................................................................	Morgan 52-10.23
577 ................................................................................................................	Morgan 52-5.00
578 ................................................................................................................	Franklin 30-5.00
579 ................................................................................................................	177 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 579 ; amended by Amendments 865 and 949
580 .................................................................................................................	158
581 .................................................................................................................	156 , 157
582 .................................................................................................................	43.01
583 .................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-11.00
584 .................................................................................................................	Cherokee 10-11.00
585 .................................................................................................................	Clay 14-11.00
586 .................................................................................................................	Cleburne 15-11.00
587 .................................................................................................................	Deleted
588 .................................................................................................................	Franklin 30-5.01
589 .................................................................................................................	Houston 35-8.20
590 .................................................................................................................	Lauderdale 39-2.00
591 .................................................................................................................	Macon 44A-2.01 , Amended by Amendment 807
592 .................................................................................................................	Morgan 52-8.20 , Amended by Amendment 734
593 .................................................................................................................	Perry 53-11.00
594 .................................................................................................................	Randolph 56-11.00
595 .................................................................................................................	Shelby 58-10.00
596 .................................................................................................................	Walker 64-4.00
597 .................................................................................................................	36.02 , Amended by Amendment 892
598 ................................................................................................................	8
599 ................................................................................................................	Morgan 52-7.00
600 ................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-7.00
601 ................................................................................................................	Barbour 3-2.20
602 ................................................................................................................	Coosa 19-8.00
603 ................................................................................................................	Hale 33-11.00
604 ................................................................................................................	Henry 34-11.00
605 ................................................................................................................	Houston 35-2.00
606 ................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37A-5.00
607 ................................................................................................................	Madison 45-2.00 , Amended by Amendment 922
608 ................................................................................................................	Madison 45-10.23
609 ................................................................................................................	Marengo 46-2.20 , Amended by Amendment 878
610 ................................................................................................................	Marengo 46-11.00
611 ................................................................................................................	Randolph 56-2.00
612 ................................................................................................................	Russell 57-7.00
613 ................................................................................................................	St. Clair 59-2.00
614 ................................................................................................................	Talladega 61-11.20
615 ................................................................................................................	Talladega 61-2.20
616 ................................................................................................................	213.37
617 ................................................................................................................	213.32
618 ................................................................................................................	213.20
619 ................................................................................................................	213.19
620 ................................................................................................................	213.21
621 ................................................................................................................	111.05 , Amended by Amendment 890
622 ................................................................................................................	3.01
623 ................................................................................................................	228.01
624 ................................................................................................................	Marengo 46-4.02
625 ................................................................................................................	Bibb 4-8.00
626 ................................................................................................................	Autauga 1-8.00 , Amended by Amendment 907
627 ................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-11.40
628 ................................................................................................................	Bibb 4-2.02
629 ................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-8.20
630 ................................................................................................................	Cherokee 10-8.20 , Amended by Amendment 777
631 ................................................................................................................	Clarke 13-8.00 , Amended by Amendment 768
632 ................................................................................................................	Cleburne 15-8.00 , Amended by Amendment 776
633 ................................................................................................................	Coffee 16-8.00 , Amended by Amendment 811
634 ................................................................................................................	Conecuh 18-2.00 , Amended by Amendment 753
635 ................................................................................................................	Conecuh 18-8.00
636 ................................................................................................................	Covington 20-8.20
637 ................................................................................................................	DeKalb 25-11.00 , Amended by Amendment 728
638 ................................................................................................................	Elmore 26-8.20
639 ................................................................................................................	Franklin 30-8.00
640 ................................................................................................................	Geneva 31-8.20 , Amended by Amendment 789
641 ................................................................................................................	Lee 41-8.20
642 ................................................................................................................	Lee 41-4.00
643 ................................................................................................................	Limestone 42-11.41
644 ................................................................................................................	Limestone 42-2.01
645 ................................................................................................................	Limestone 42-8.00
646 ................................................................................................................	Marengo 46-4.03
647 ................................................................................................................	Marshall 48-8.00
648 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-8.40 , Amended by Amendment 762
649 ................................................................................................................	Pickens 54-11.00 , Amended by Amendment 765
650 ................................................................................................................	Pickens 54-2.01
651 ................................................................................................................	Randolph 56-8.00
652 ................................................................................................................	St. Clair 59-11.20
653 ................................................................................................................	Sumter 60-11.00
654 ................................................................................................................	Talladega 61-8.00
655 ................................................................................................................	Walker 64-8.20
656 ................................................................................................................	Walker 64-8.40
657 ................................................................................................................	Washington 65-8.00
658 ................................................................................................................	Winston 67-8.00
659 ................................................................................................................	104.01
660 ................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-2.20 , Amended by Amendments 780 and 923
661 ................................................................................................................	Autauga 1-2.00
662 ................................................................................................................	211.03
663 ................................................................................................................	Chambers 9-8.00
664 ................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8A-2.05
665 ................................................................................................................	104.02
666 ................................................................................................................	219.04
667 ................................................................................................................	102
668 ................................................................................................................	219.05
669 ................................................................................................................	269.07
670 ................................................................................................................	266
671 ................................................................................................................	Clay 14-8.00 , Amended by Amendment 940
672 ................................................................................................................	Greene 32-2.20
673 ................................................................................................................	Lowndes 43-8.00
674 ................................................................................................................	Lowndes 43A-2.00
675 ................................................................................................................	Sumter 60-8.00
676 ................................................................................................................	Bullock 4 , Repealed by Amendment 874
677 ................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8A-2.06
678 ................................................................................................................	Chambers 9-4.00
679 ................................................................................................................	Chilton 11-4.00
680 ................................................................................................................	Chilton 11-11.00
681 ................................................................................................................	Repealed
682 ................................................................................................................	Clay 14-4.00
683 ................................................................................................................	Dale 23-8.00
684 ................................................................................................................	Etowah 28-10.00
685 ................................................................................................................	Greene 32-8.20
686 ................................................................................................................	Hale 33-2.20
687 ................................................................................................................	Henry 34-8.00
688 ................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-9.20
689 ................................................................................................................	Lamar 38-8.20
690 ................................................................................................................	Lauderdale 39-8.20
691 ................................................................................................................	Lawrence 40-8.00 , Amended by Amendment 731
692 ................................................................................................................	Limestone 42-7.00
693 .................................................................................................................	Macon 44-8.20
694 .................................................................................................................	Madison 45-8.20
695 .................................................................................................................	Marion 47-4.20
696 .................................................................................................................	Marshall 48-3.00
697 .................................................................................................................	Monroe 50-2.00
698 .................................................................................................................	Perry 53-8.00
699 .................................................................................................................	Pike 55-8.00
700 .................................................................................................................	Pike 55-8.00
701 .................................................................................................................	Randolph 56-4.00
702 .................................................................................................................	Russell 57-8.20
703 .................................................................................................................	Tallapoosa 62-8.20
704 .................................................................................................................	Chilton 11-8.00
705 .................................................................................................................	Marion 47-8.00
706 .................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-10.22
707 .................................................................................................................	Shelby 58-3.00
708 .................................................................................................................	Shelby 58-8.00
709 .................................................................................................................	260.01 , Repealed by Amendment 803
710 .................................................................................................................	Lamar 1 , Repealed by Amendment 928
711 .................................................................................................................	Montgomery 51-11.01
712 .................................................................................................................	Montgomery 51-11.02
713 .................................................................................................................	Montgomery 51-4.00
714 .................................................................................................................	286.01
715 .................................................................................................................	93.10
716 .................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-8.00
717 .................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-8.20
718 .................................................................................................................	Blount 5-8.00 , Amended by Amendment 874
719 .................................................................................................................	Butler 7-4.00
720 .................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-10.22 , Repealed by Amendment 747 current provisions derived from Amendment 747
721 .................................................................................................................	Chambers 9-10.61
722 .................................................................................................................	Chilton 11-8.20
723 .................................................................................................................	Coffee 16-4.01
724 .................................................................................................................	Coosa 19-11.00
725 .................................................................................................................	Covington 20-4.00
726 .................................................................................................................	Crenshaw 21-2.00
727 .................................................................................................................	Crenshaw 21-8.00
728 .................................................................................................................	DeKalb 25-11.00
729 .................................................................................................................	Henry 34-4.00
730 .................................................................................................................	Jackson 36-8.00
731 ................................................................................................................	Lawrence 40-8.00
732 ................................................................................................................	Lowndes 43A-2.01
733 ................................................................................................................	Marengo 46-8.20
734 ................................................................................................................	Morgan 52-8.20
735 ................................................................................................................	Perry 53-2.20
736 ................................................................................................................	Russell 57-2.00
737 ................................................................................................................	Russell 57-4.00
738 ................................................................................................................	Talladega 61A-2.01
739 ................................................................................................................	Tallapoosa 62-4.00
740 ................................................................................................................	Tuscaloosa 63-3.20
741 ................................................................................................................	Tuscaloosa 63-2.20
742 ................................................................................................................	Wilcox 66-8.00
743 ................................................................................................................	Greene 32-7.00
744 ................................................................................................................	Macon 44-7.00
745 ................................................................................................................	Fayette 29-2.00 , Lamar 38-2.00 , Pickens 54-2.02
746 ................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-2.01
747 ................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-10.22
748 ................................................................................................................	Crenshaw 21-4.00
749 ................................................................................................................	Russell 57-5.00
750 ................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-4.00
751 ................................................................................................................	Fayette 29-11.01
752 ................................................................................................................	Morgan 52A-4.02
753 ................................................................................................................	Conecuh 18-2.00
754 ................................................................................................................	Pickens 54-8.00
755 ................................................................................................................	Tuscaloosa 63-8.20
756 ................................................................................................................	Shelby 58-9.00 , Amended by Amendment 799
757 ................................................................................................................	Barbour 3-4.00
758 ................................................................................................................	Shelby 58-2.20
759 ................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-4.01
760 ................................................................................................................	Hale 33-8.00
761 ................................................................................................................	Etowah 28-4.01
762 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-8.40
763 ................................................................................................................	Blount 5-8.00
764 ................................................................................................................	Monroe 50-8.00
765 ................................................................................................................	Pickens 54-11.00
766 ................................................................................................................	93.17
767 ................................................................................................................	Conecuh 18-4.00
768 ................................................................................................................	Clarke 13-8.00
769 .................................................................................................................	Macon 44A-2.02
770 .................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-3.11
771 .................................................................................................................	Madison 45-8.40
772 .................................................................................................................	94.01
773 .................................................................................................................	Colbert 17-3.00 , Repealed by Amendment 773
774 .................................................................................................................	36.03
775 .................................................................................................................	Blount 5-8.20
776 .................................................................................................................	Cleburne 15-8.00 , Amended by Amendment 776
777 .................................................................................................................	Cherokee 10-8.20 , Amended by Amendment 777
778 .................................................................................................................	269.08
779 .................................................................................................................	Autauga 1-2.01
780 .................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-2.20 , Amended by Amendment 923
781 .................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-11.60 , Amended by Amendment 810
782 .................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-10.01 , Amended by Amendment 802
783 .................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-3.00
784 .................................................................................................................	Butler 7-8.00
785 .................................................................................................................	Crenshaw 4 , Repealed by Amendment 785
786 .................................................................................................................	DeKalb 25-8.20
787 .................................................................................................................	Elmore 26-11.01 , Amended by Amendment 787
788 .................................................................................................................	Escambia 27-8.00
789 .................................................................................................................	Geneva 31-8.20 , Amended by Amendment 789
790 .................................................................................................................	Lee 41-9.00
791 .................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-8.24
792 .................................................................................................................	Tuscaloosa 63-11.00 , Amended by Amendment 792
793 .................................................................................................................	Tuscaloosa 63-2.01 , 2.02 , Amended by Amendment 794
794 .................................................................................................................	Tuscaloosa 63-2.01 , 2.02 Amended by Amendment 794
795 .................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-10.41 , Amended by Amendment 795
796 .................................................................................................................	219.041
797 .................................................................................................................	Mobile 49A-3.00
798 .................................................................................................................	138.04
799 .................................................................................................................	Shelby 58-9.00 , Amended by Amendment 799
800 .................................................................................................................	Pike 55-2.20
801 .................................................................................................................	Macon 44-5.00
802 .................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-10.01 , Amended by Amendment 802
803 .................................................................................................................	260.01 , repealed, 260.02 enacted
804 .................................................................................................................	Shelby 58-2.21 , Amended by Amendment 920
805 .................................................................................................................	Limestone 42A-5.00 , Madison 45A-3.00
806 .................................................................................................................	Blount 5-11.20
807 .................................................................................................................	Macon 44A-2.01 , Amended by Amendment 807
808 .................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-10.02
809 .................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-11.80
810 .................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-8.01 , Amended by Amendment 810
811 .................................................................................................................	Coffee 16-8.00 , Amended by Amendment 811
812 .................................................................................................................	Conecuh 18-10.20
813 .................................................................................................................	DeKalb 25-10.00
814 .................................................................................................................	DeKalb 25-6.00
815 .................................................................................................................	Geneva 31-2.20
816 .................................................................................................................	Henry 34-2.01
817 .................................................................................................................	Jackson 36-10.00
818 .................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-11.20
819 .................................................................................................................	Lauderdale Repealed by Amendment 967
820 .................................................................................................................	Lee 41-2.01
821 .................................................................................................................	Marshall 48-8.20
822 .................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-9.00
823 .................................................................................................................	Pickens 54-2.03
824 .................................................................................................................	Russell 57A-2.00 , Lee 41A-3.00
825 .................................................................................................................	Shelby 58-10.20
826 .................................................................................................................	St. Clair 59-8.00
827 .................................................................................................................	Tallapoosa 62-9.00
828 .................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-8.40
829 .................................................................................................................	Franklin 30-6.00
830 .................................................................................................................	Lawrence 40-6.00
831 .................................................................................................................	Colbert 17-6.20
832 .................................................................................................................	Lawrence 40-6.01
833 .................................................................................................................	Lamar 38-2.01
834 .................................................................................................................	Marengo 46-2.00
835 .................................................................................................................	Fayette 29-2.01
836 .................................................................................................................	Pickens 54-2.21
837 .................................................................................................................	Shelby 58-6.00
838 .................................................................................................................	DeKalb 25A-2.02
839 .................................................................................................................	Macon 44-2.01
840 .................................................................................................................	Jefferson 37-10.01
841 .................................................................................................................	Madison 45-10.01
842 .................................................................................................................	Morgan 52-10.02
843 .................................................................................................................	Limestone 42-10.00
844 .................................................................................................................	Lawrence 40-10.00
845 ................................................................................................................	DeKalb 1.50 , Repealed by Amendment 912
846 ................................................................................................................	Jackson, Repealed by Amendment 869
847 ................................................................................................................	Macon 44-2.00 , Amended by Amendment 847
848 ................................................................................................................	Cullman 22-10.00
849 ................................................................................................................	Madison 45-9.00
850 ................................................................................................................	Randolph 56-4.01
851 ................................................................................................................	Blount 5-11.40
852 ................................................................................................................	Montgomery 51-8.20
853 ................................................................................................................	Chambers 9-10.62
854 ................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-10.01
855 ................................................................................................................	Hale 33-10.00
856 ................................................................................................................	219.09
857 ................................................................................................................	Montgomery 51-5.00
858 ................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-10.03
859 ................................................................................................................	Tuscaloosa 63-10.00
860 ................................................................................................................	219.08
861 ................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-11.41
862 ................................................................................................................	Madison 45-9.01
863 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-11.01
864 ................................................................................................................	36.04
865 ................................................................................................................	177
866 ................................................................................................................	Cullman 22-5.00
867 ................................................................................................................	Perry 53-8.20
868 ................................................................................................................	Etowah 28-8.20
869 ................................................................................................................	Jackson, Repealed by Amendment 869
870 ................................................................................................................	Marshall 48-5.00
871 ................................................................................................................	49.01
872 ................................................................................................................	229 ; 230 , repealed; 231 , repealed; 232 , repealed; 233 , repealed 234 , repealed; 236 , repealed; 237 , repealed
873 ................................................................................................................	247 ; 248 , repealed; 249 , repealed; 251 , repealed; 252 , repealed
874 ................................................................................................................	Bullock 6-8.20 , Amended by Amendment 874
875 ................................................................................................................	Lawrence 40-11.00
876 ................................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-3.00
877 ................................................................................................................	Winston 67-2.20
878 ................................................................................................................	Marengo 46-2.20 , Amended by Amendment 878
879 ................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2-10.21
880 ................................................................................................................	219.042
881 ................................................................................................................	Franklin 30-10.60 , Amended by Amendment 932
882 ................................................................................................................	Mobile 49-11.02
883 .................................................................................................................	93.06 , Amended by Amendment 883
884 .................................................................................................................	13.50
885 .................................................................................................................	Escambia 27-3.01
886 .................................................................................................................	Shelby 58-2.22
887 .................................................................................................................	219.043
888 .................................................................................................................	26 , Amended by Amendment 888
889 .................................................................................................................	Cullman 22-8.00
890 .................................................................................................................	111.05 , Amended by Amendment 890
891 .................................................................................................................	Franklin 30-11.00 , Amended by Amendment 891
892 .................................................................................................................	36.02 , Amended by Amendment 892
893 .................................................................................................................	Shelby 58-1.00
894 .................................................................................................................	St. Clair 59-2.01
895 .................................................................................................................	155.01
896 .................................................................................................................	Lamar 38-8.21
897 .................................................................................................................	284.01
898 .................................................................................................................	Houston 35-2.20
899 .................................................................................................................	Etowah 28-8.40
900 .................................................................................................................	Baldwin 2A-2.00
901 .................................................................................................................	Monroe 50-10.40
902 ................................................................................................................	Henry 34-2.20
903 ................................................................................................................	Shelby 58-2.23
904 ................................................................................................................	Article VII (Sections 173 - 176 ) Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 904
905 ................................................................................................................	Article III (Sections 42-43.00 ) Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 905 ; Section 43.01 repealed by Amendment 905
906 ................................................................................................................	266 , Amended by Amendments 670 and 906
907 ................................................................................................	Autauga 1-8.00 , Amended by Amendment 907
908 ................................................................................................	Winston 67-5.00
909 ..............................................................................................	43.02
910 ...............................................................................................	Baldwin 2-8.01
911 ...............................................................................................	Jefferson 37-11.40
912 ...............................................................................................	DeKalb, Repealed by Amendment 912
913 ...............................................................................................	36.05
914 ................................................................................................	Calhoun 8-11.20
915 ...............................................................................................	213.32 , Amended by Amendment 915 , 213.325 enacted
916 ...............................................................................................	Montgomery 51-8.21
917 ...............................................................................................	Fayette 29-8.20
918 ...............................................................................................	Lauderdale, Repealed by Amendment 967
919 ..............................................................................................	43.03
920 ..............................................................................................	Shelby 58-2.21 , Amended by Amendment 920
921 ..............................................................................................	Baldwin 2-9.00
922 ...............................................................................................	Madison 45-2.20 , Amended by Amendment 922
923 ...............................................................................................	Baldwin 2-2.20 , Amended by Amendment 923
924 ..............................................................................................	Marion 47-11.20
925 ..............................................................................................	111.07
926 ..............................................................................................	71.01 , Amendment 448 ; Amended by Amendment 926
927 ..............................................................................................	Geneva 31-2.01
928 ..............................................................................................	Lamar 1 , Repealed by Amendment 928
929 ..............................................................................................	Shelby 58-5.00
930 .............................................................................................	36.06
931 ..............................................................................................	Calhoun 8-7.00 , Amended by Amendments 931 and 960
932 ..............................................................................................	Franklin 30-10.60 , Amended by Amendment 932
933 .............................................................................................	264 , Amended by Amendments 399 and 933
934 .............................................................................................	Madison 45-9.20
935 .............................................................................................	Calhoun 8-11.21
936 .............................................................................................	Chilton 11-9.00
937 .............................................................................................	Monroe 50-2.20
938 .............................................................................................	Marengo 46-9.00
939 ............................................................................................	46 , Repealed and reenacted by Amendment 939
940 ............................................................................................	Clay 14-8.00 , Amended by Amendment 940
941 ............................................................................................	Montgomery 51-8.22
942 ............................................................................................	3.02
943 ............................................................................................	Cullman 22-9.00
944 ............................................................................................	Jackson 36-11.40
945 ............................................................................................	Clay 14-2.20
946 ............................................................................................	Morgan 52-8.40
947 .............................................................................................	Etowah 28-9.00
948 .............................................................................................	Marshall 48-9.00
949 .............................................................................................	177 , Amended by Amendment 949
950 ............................................................................................	153 , Amended by Amendment 950
951 ............................................................................................	286.20
952 ............................................................................................	Franklin 30-9.00
953 ............................................................................................	Lauderdale 39-9.00
954 ............................................................................................	Baldwin 2-2.21
955 ............................................................................................	Baldwin 2-11.42
956 ............................................................................................	Baldwin 2-11.43
957 ............................................................................................	Barbour 3-8.00
958 ............................................................................................	Bibb 4-2.20
959 ............................................................................................	Butler 7-5.00
960 ............................................................................................	Calhoun 8-7.00 ; Amended by Amendment 960
961 ............................................................................................	Colbert 17-9.00
962 ............................................................................................	Dallas 24-2.20
963 ............................................................................................	Escambia 27-11.00
964 ............................................................................................	Fayette 29-11.20
965 ............................................................................................	Houston 35-2.21
966 ............................................................................................	Lamar 38-2.20
967 ............................................................................................	Lauderdale 39-2.20
968 ............................................................................................	Limestone 42-9.00
969 ............................................................................................	Marengo 46-2.21
970 ............................................................................................	Pickens 54-5.00
971 ............................................................................................	Shelby 58-11.20
972 ............................................................................................	St. Clair 59-10.21
973 ............................................................................................	Talladega 61-9.00
974 ............................................................................................	Talladega 61-6.00
975 ............................................................................................	Tallapoosa 62-11.20
976 ............................................................................................	Walker 64-2.20
977 ............................................................................................	Walker 64-8.60